{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003581437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","title":"Gaps in the Control of Automated Vehicles on Roads","display_name":"Gaps in the Control of Automated Vehicles on Roads","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003581437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","mag":"3003581437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052655645","display_name":"Simeon C. Calvert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1173-0071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simeon C. Calvert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030507508","display_name":"Bart van Arem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8316-7794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bart van Arem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090168771","display_name":"Dani\u00ebl D. Heikoop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4379-072X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel D. Heikoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088630599","display_name":"Marjan Hagenzieker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5884-4877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marjan Hagenzieker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transport & Planning, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058461524","display_name":"Giulio Mecacci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9092-8923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Mecacci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051661917","display_name":"Filippo Santoni de Sio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3940-9885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Santoni de Sio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Ethics and Philosophy of Technology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052655645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2697,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94089151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"146","last_page":"153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.7868096828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6401113867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6388130187988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.5957755446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4154323637485504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4129330515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39014020562171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3831919729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3238813281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21625259518623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1323050856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1188720166683197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.7868096828460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6401113867759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6388130187988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.5957755446434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4154323637485504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4129330515861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39014020562171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3831919729709625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3238813281059265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21625259518623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1323050856590271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1188720166683197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2926278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 13 (2021)(4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:tud:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","pdf_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:dc23939a-847e-42f8-8cd5-5d52add98aa9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine, 13 (2021)(4)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/review"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G629491556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(NWO)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003581437.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003581437.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107233025","https://openalex.org/W1481252446","https://openalex.org/W1544152542","https://openalex.org/W1590508536","https://openalex.org/W1848647167","https://openalex.org/W1874211337","https://openalex.org/W1964882635","https://openalex.org/W1971417956","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1991245180","https://openalex.org/W1998696041","https://openalex.org/W2011475678","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2032648383","https://openalex.org/W2040084091","https://openalex.org/W2102595860","https://openalex.org/W2117074369","https://openalex.org/W2143318894","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2343175937","https://openalex.org/W2511722497","https://openalex.org/W2546655401","https://openalex.org/W2582225735","https://openalex.org/W2600642072","https://openalex.org/W2652415919","https://openalex.org/W2755429657","https://openalex.org/W2755893646","https://openalex.org/W2761982724","https://openalex.org/W2780140966","https://openalex.org/W2792435043","https://openalex.org/W2975231513"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035546108","https://openalex.org/W2376361520","https://openalex.org/W2093949997","https://openalex.org/W2323536476","https://openalex.org/W2133328864","https://openalex.org/W2389726244","https://openalex.org/W3030478661","https://openalex.org/W2128730003","https://openalex.org/W2202104624","https://openalex.org/W2786275068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increased":[0],"on-road":[1],"testing":[2],"and":[3,13,43,98,143],"market":[4],"availability":[5],"of":[6,24,27,62,70,84,96,101,122,131],"partially":[7],"automated":[8],"vehicles":[9],"(AV)":[10],"offers":[11],"researchers":[12],"developers":[14,142],"the":[15,19,60,94,99,106,120,127,161],"opportunity":[16],"to":[17,36,104,109,133,154],"evaluate":[18],"AV\u2019s":[20,30],"performance.":[21],"The":[22,68],"occurrence":[23],"new":[25],"types":[26],"accidents":[28,65],"involving":[29,66],"has":[31],"sparked":[32],"questions":[33],"in":[34,40,56,73,114,158],"regard":[35],"who":[37],"is":[38,75,116],"actually":[39],"control":[41,58,74,115,149,159],"over":[42],"responsible":[44],"for":[45],"AV":[46,57,141],"control.":[47],"In":[48],"this":[49],"contribution,":[50],"we":[51],"suggest":[52],"a":[53,71,78,91,102,112,151],"potential":[54],"discrepancy":[55,92],"with":[59,160],"review":[61],"recently":[63,79],"documented":[64],"AV\u2019s.":[67],"identification":[69],"gap":[72,113],"performed":[76],"using":[77],"formulated":[80],"moral":[81],"philosophical":[82],"framework":[83],"Meaningful":[85],"Human":[86],"Control":[87],"(MHC).":[88],"This":[89],"shows":[90],"between":[93],"attribution":[95],"responsibility":[97],"ability":[100],"human":[103],"fulfil":[105],"role":[107],"assigned":[108],"them.":[110],"While":[111],"not":[117],"evident":[118],"from":[119,150],"viewpoint":[121],"operational":[123],"control,":[124],"it":[125],"requires":[126],"more":[128],"intricate":[129],"concept":[130],"MHC":[132,152],"expose":[134],"it.":[135],"Recommendations":[136],"are":[137],"further":[138],"made":[139],"that":[140],"vehicle":[144],"approval":[145],"authorities":[146],"should":[147],"consider":[148],"perspective":[153],"avoid":[155],"future":[156],"gaps":[157],"resulting":[162],"consequences.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
