{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2956046297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","title":"Detecting Pickpocketing Gangs on Buses with Smart Card Data","display_name":"Detecting Pickpocketing Gangs on Buses with Smart Card Data","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2956046297","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","mag":"2956046297"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053048373","display_name":"Xia Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4750-4356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xia Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, College of Metropolitan Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070956153","display_name":"Yong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6650-6790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082274282","display_name":"Hao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-1263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083450478","display_name":"Shaofan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3045-624X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Internet Technology, and with the Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Intelligent Software Technology, the Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082123014","display_name":"Sean Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8716-8989"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Transportation Information Center, Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Transportation Information Center, Beijing Municipal Commission of Transport, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027329007","display_name":"Yongli Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0440-438X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongli Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil and Environmental Engineering and H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil and Environmental Engineering and H. John Heinz III College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020527092","display_name":"Baocai Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3121-1823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baocai Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, the Faulty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, the Faulty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053048373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87720261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"181","last_page":"199"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microblogging","display_name":"Microblogging","score":0.6491197943687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-outlier-factor","display_name":"Local outlier factor","score":0.6460904479026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.6218878626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6083534359931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.6076315641403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.5237705111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-card","display_name":"Smart card","score":0.5171346068382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5153447985649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-security","display_name":"Public security","score":0.46906447410583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.43556341528892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.4333542287349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4277375042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-transport","display_name":"Public transport","score":0.41369062662124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beijing","display_name":"Beijing","score":0.4100448489189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3023086190223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.26419538259506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24877294898033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.15083980560302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.1318018138408661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.08895951509475708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143275388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92438","display_name":"Microblogging","level":3,"score":0.6491197943687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387942","display_name":"Local outlier factor","level":3,"score":0.6460904479026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6218878626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6083534359931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.6076315641403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.5237705111503601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110406131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41349","display_name":"Smart card","level":2,"score":0.5171346068382263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5153447985649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986045029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294240","display_name":"Public security","level":2,"score":0.46906447410583496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.43556341528892517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.4333542287349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4277375042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.41369062662124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778304055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657474","display_name":"Beijing","level":3,"score":0.4100448489189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3023086190223694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.26419538259506226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24877294898033142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15083980560302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1318018138408661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.08895951509475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2919525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4507816351","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4162009; 61632006; 61772049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7371128817","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z171100000517003; Z171100000517004; Z171100004417023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8286436991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z161100001116072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222325065","https://openalex.org/W630486214","https://openalex.org/W1485990655","https://openalex.org/W1501108037","https://openalex.org/W1583018043","https://openalex.org/W1801919117","https://openalex.org/W1974561058","https://openalex.org/W1981747460","https://openalex.org/W2003446685","https://openalex.org/W2006692127","https://openalex.org/W2007043321","https://openalex.org/W2010485854","https://openalex.org/W2054296758","https://openalex.org/W2061304929","https://openalex.org/W2062785849","https://openalex.org/W2073459066","https://openalex.org/W2090853323","https://openalex.org/W2116884240","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2137446479","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2143668817","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2149621874","https://openalex.org/W2160677803","https://openalex.org/W2167686542","https://openalex.org/W2255825392","https://openalex.org/W2294628100","https://openalex.org/W2489793944","https://openalex.org/W2515500989","https://openalex.org/W2534560178","https://openalex.org/W2560603808","https://openalex.org/W2568185844","https://openalex.org/W2605657111","https://openalex.org/W2612593713","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3099848370","https://openalex.org/W4254182148","https://openalex.org/W6620074607","https://openalex.org/W6629051853","https://openalex.org/W6668990524","https://openalex.org/W6736426543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770832849","https://openalex.org/W205872183","https://openalex.org/W114119537","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2904893831","https://openalex.org/W2367834612","https://openalex.org/W4304761972","https://openalex.org/W3117098906","https://openalex.org/W2378893840","https://openalex.org/W2889390244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"pickpocketing":[1,40,60,135,171,184,198,231],"gangs":[2,41,185,199,203],"on":[3,91,125,157,176],"buses":[4],"is":[5,138,167],"critical":[6],"for":[7],"safety":[8,219],"and":[9,19,28,45,88,111,149,161,200,217],"public":[10,218],"security":[11],"department.":[12],"Knowing":[13],"this":[14,212],"both":[15],"in":[16,42,82,85,221,224],"real":[17],"time":[18],"from":[20,66,129,211],"historical":[21],"records":[22],"would":[23],"allow":[24],"effective":[25],"law":[26],"enforcement":[27],"crime":[29],"prevention.":[30],"However,":[31],"very":[32],"little":[33],"research":[34,49,213],"has":[35],"been":[36],"devoted":[37],"into":[38],"identifying":[39],"an":[43,92],"automated":[44],"holistic":[46],"manner.":[47],"This":[48,98],"utilizes":[50],"smart":[51],"card":[52],"data":[53,179],"generated":[54],"by":[55,153,187,204],"bus":[56,80],"riders":[57,81],"to":[58,169,180,228],"identify":[59],"gangs,":[61],"who":[62],"possess":[63],"distinct":[64],"characteristics":[65],"regular":[67],"passengers.":[68],"Particularly,":[69],"we":[70],"create":[71],"a":[72,134,141,154],"dataset":[73,132],"of":[74,96,102,119],"1,098":[75],"pickpockets":[76,120],"among":[77],"4.06":[78],"million":[79],"August,":[83],"2015":[84],"Beijing":[86],"automatically":[87],"efficiently":[89],"based":[90,124],"efficient":[93],"labeling":[94],"model":[95,99],"outliers.":[97],"examines":[100],"anomaly":[101],"passengers":[103],"using":[104],"the":[105,130,182,188,194,222],"so-called":[106],"relative":[107],"outlier":[108,113],"cluster":[109],"factor":[110],"local":[112],"factor.":[114],"The":[115],"proposed":[116,189],"mobility":[117,158],"patterns":[118],"are":[121,174],"then":[122],"learned":[123],"supervised":[126],"classification.":[127],"Pickpockets":[128],"derived":[131],"form":[133],"network,":[136],"which":[137],"modeled":[139],"as":[140,146],"graph":[142],"with":[143,206],"vertices":[144],"denoted":[145],"discrete":[147],"pickpockets,":[148],"edge":[150],"weight":[151],"quantified":[152],"combined":[155],"similarity":[156],"pattern,":[159],"space":[160],"time.":[162],"A":[163],"graphbased":[164],"Louvain":[165],"algorithm":[166],"adopted":[168],"detect":[170],"gangs.":[172,232],"Experiments":[173],"conducted":[175],"SINA":[177],"microblog":[178],"verify":[181],"detected":[183],"identified":[186],"framework.":[190],"Results":[191],"show":[192],"that":[193],"framework":[195],"detects":[196],"63":[197],"verifies":[201],"34":[202],"microblogs,":[205],"recall":[207],"value":[208],"0.85.":[209],"Findings":[210],"can":[214],"assist":[215],"police":[216],"departments":[220],"city":[223],"taking":[225],"pro-active":[226],"actions":[227],"track":[229],"down":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}