{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981903151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","title":"Recovery of Incapacitated Commercial Delivery Drones Using LPWAN Technology","display_name":"Recovery of Incapacitated Commercial Delivery Drones Using LPWAN Technology","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981903151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","mag":"2981903151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058483001","display_name":"Philip A. Catherwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7167-3833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Philip A. Catherwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and electronic engineering, Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, U.K","Electrical and electronic engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and electronic engineering, Queen\u2019s University of Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and electronic engineering, Queen's University of Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083613346","display_name":"Michael J. Little","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Little","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chief Technology Officer, RF Proximity Ltd., Belfast, Northern Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chief Technology Officer, RF Proximity Ltd., Belfast, Northern Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010420002","display_name":"Dewar Finlay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2628-6070"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dewar Finlay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Engineering Research Institute"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Engineering Research Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045151799","display_name":"James McLaughlin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6026-8971"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James McLaughlin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Economic Development, N. Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Economic Development, N. Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058483001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71468497,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"6","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.9862550497055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lpwan","display_name":"LPWAN","score":0.9309334754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6315232515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.6132485270500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5444149374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46479955315589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/popularity","display_name":"Popularity","score":0.45489826798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44894054532051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.32248827815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.24395468831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23919782042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.14634346961975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.12242460250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.11296838521957397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.9862550497055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20706829","display_name":"LPWAN","level":3,"score":0.9309334754943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6315232515335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.6132485270500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5444149374961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46479955315589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1357284","display_name":"Popularity","level":2,"score":0.45489826798439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44894054532051086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.32248827815055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.24395468831062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23919782042503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.14634346961975098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.12242460250854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.11296838521957397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2019.2898972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1629953107","https://openalex.org/W1797540631","https://openalex.org/W1969002880","https://openalex.org/W1998662630","https://openalex.org/W2022068744","https://openalex.org/W2036222195","https://openalex.org/W2054283647","https://openalex.org/W2068418140","https://openalex.org/W2070535556","https://openalex.org/W2082040042","https://openalex.org/W2130126624","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2191948661","https://openalex.org/W2220010058","https://openalex.org/W2238723005","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2293554285","https://openalex.org/W2522120948","https://openalex.org/W2571043451","https://openalex.org/W2580241428","https://openalex.org/W2585101280","https://openalex.org/W2585179923","https://openalex.org/W2592123986","https://openalex.org/W2605111905","https://openalex.org/W2610335499","https://openalex.org/W2621151963","https://openalex.org/W2737162658","https://openalex.org/W2754871503","https://openalex.org/W2758233612","https://openalex.org/W2766820989","https://openalex.org/W2771941343","https://openalex.org/W2773869821","https://openalex.org/W6636714012","https://openalex.org/W6733575555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888892063","https://openalex.org/W2740439328","https://openalex.org/W3088070213","https://openalex.org/W3125356464","https://openalex.org/W2901309327","https://openalex.org/W2923934659","https://openalex.org/W2560463884","https://openalex.org/W2979151211","https://openalex.org/W3030891736","https://openalex.org/W2981903151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,194,212],"proposes":[2],"for":[3,15,35,142,171],"the":[4,7,16,27,40,51,69,126,139,143,151,167,179,186,190,196,201],"first":[5],"time":[6],"use":[8,28],"of":[9,12,19,29,38,42,59,92,121,130,138,166],"an":[10,208],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"solution":[14],"accurate":[17],"recovery":[18,91,122,221],"incapacitated":[20],"commercial":[21],"and":[22,44,54,73,90,107,134,174,203,217],"retail":[23],"delivery":[24,46,75],"drones.":[25],"Since":[26],"drones":[30,47,76],"will":[31],"increase":[32],"in":[33,113,176],"popularity":[34],"a":[36,93,135,155,219],"variety":[37],"uses,":[39],"problem":[41],"locating":[43],"recovering":[45],"is":[48],"necessary.":[49],"Using":[50],"emerging":[52],"LoRaWAN":[53],"Sigfox":[55,152],"networks":[56],"(as":[57],"examples":[58],"Low":[60],"Power":[61],"Wide":[62],"Area":[63],"Network":[64],"(LPWAN)":[65],"technology),":[66],"we":[67],"investigate":[68],"opportunity":[70],"to":[71,82,161,185],"locate":[72],"recover":[74],"that":[77],"have":[78],"crashed":[79],"either":[80],"due":[81],"technical":[83],"issues":[84],"or":[85],"outside":[86],"malign":[87],"intervention.":[88],"Location":[89],"test":[94],"drone":[95,158,202,220],"using":[96,150],"LoRa":[97,144,173],"technology":[98],"was":[99,148,159,182],"trialed":[100],"over":[101],"three":[102],"distinct":[103],"terrains":[104],"(urban,":[105],"suburban,":[106],"rural)":[108],"at":[109,125,164],"five":[110],"different":[111],"sites":[112,170],"each":[114],"terrain.":[115],"These":[116],"15":[117,168],"trials":[118],"evaluate":[119],"ease":[120],"on":[123],"arrival":[124],"crash":[127],"site,":[128],"accuracy":[129,199,209],"location":[131,181,198],"coordinates":[132],"given,":[133],"subsequent":[136],"analysis":[137],"channel":[140],"statistics":[141],"network.":[145],"The":[146,157,193,211],"experiment":[147],"repeated":[149],"network":[153],"as":[154,207],"comparison.":[156],"able":[160],"be":[162],"recovered":[163],"14":[165],"tests":[169],"both":[172],"Sigfox;":[175],"every":[177],"case":[178],"drone's":[180],"successfully":[183],"transmitted":[184],"secure":[187],"server":[188],"via":[189],"LPWAN":[191],"networks.":[192],"investigates":[195],"reported":[197],"from":[200],"also":[204],"uses":[205],"RMSE":[206],"metric.":[210],"furthermore":[213],"divulges":[214],"lessons":[215],"learned":[216],"presents":[218],"algorithm.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}