{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767171232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","title":"Locating Various Ship License Numbers in the Wild: An Effective Approach","display_name":"Locating Various Ship License Numbers in the Wild: An Effective Approach","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767171232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","mag":"2767171232"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101515081","display_name":"Baolong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baolong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7718-5443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101593338","display_name":"Jia Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1816-185X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111889086","display_name":"Jingyu Dun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Dun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089192218","display_name":"Sanyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-874X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025139712","display_name":"Zhenjie Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1510-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenjie Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics & Information Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics & Information Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067118299","display_name":"Xiuzi Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzi Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics & Information Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics & Information Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6823,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76840249,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"102","last_page":"117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6763863563537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6503074169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5713887214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.546650230884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.538564920425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5047284364700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.5033757090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4364144504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connected-component","display_name":"Connected component","score":0.4222072958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.39355185627937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33900973200798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3387676477432251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6763863563537598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6503074169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5713887214660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.546650230884552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.538564920425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5047284364700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.5033757090568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4364144504070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193435613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2997928","display_name":"Connected component","level":2,"score":0.4222072958946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.39355185627937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33900973200798035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3387676477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2017.2743168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W70975097","https://openalex.org/W1550404743","https://openalex.org/W1563297281","https://openalex.org/W1590105591","https://openalex.org/W1597931944","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1827297289","https://openalex.org/W1935817682","https://openalex.org/W1964741520","https://openalex.org/W1966693245","https://openalex.org/W1972065312","https://openalex.org/W1975399404","https://openalex.org/W1982995293","https://openalex.org/W1988277081","https://openalex.org/W2017221995","https://openalex.org/W2024121930","https://openalex.org/W2049951199","https://openalex.org/W2065042463","https://openalex.org/W2065613686","https://openalex.org/W2078997308","https://openalex.org/W2097074808","https://openalex.org/W2102608210","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2119688524","https://openalex.org/W2122221966","https://openalex.org/W2124404372","https://openalex.org/W2125936701","https://openalex.org/W2139280638","https://openalex.org/W2143756619","https://openalex.org/W2144554289","https://openalex.org/W2160063258","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2204328893","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2344822769","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2953301748","https://openalex.org/W2962773189","https://openalex.org/W3174233055","https://openalex.org/W4300070273","https://openalex.org/W4388322065","https://openalex.org/W6633064726","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638685980","https://openalex.org/W6642972425","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6729791593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357256365","https://openalex.org/W2348502264","https://openalex.org/W2365486383","https://openalex.org/W2362059367","https://openalex.org/W2901443725","https://openalex.org/W2350084742","https://openalex.org/W2357988862","https://openalex.org/W178077491","https://openalex.org/W4225474873","https://openalex.org/W2521408379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ship":[0],"License":[1],"Numbers":[2],"(SLNs)":[3],"play":[4],"a":[5,16,153,183,225],"significant":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,49,95,167,173,195],"intelligent":[9],"waterway":[10],"transportation":[11],"systems.":[12],"However,":[13],"there":[14],"is":[15,58,115,159,202,211],"dearth":[17],"of":[18,24,55,63,75,122,164,193,222,228],"published":[19],"papers":[20],"concerning":[21],"the":[22,50,52,61,70,87,99,120,132,165,168,187,196],"location":[23,113,220],"SLNs.":[25,38,134,236],"In":[26,67,98],"this":[27,68,174],"paper,":[28],"we":[29],"present":[30],"an":[31,217],"effective":[32,215],"coarse-to-fine":[33],"approach":[34,201,210],"for":[35,47],"locating":[36,56],"various":[37],"The":[39,161,199,209],"proposed":[40,143,200],"method":[41,184],"contains":[42],"four":[43,102],"main":[44],"steps.":[45],"First,":[46],"ships":[48],"wild,":[51],"coarse":[53],"problem":[54],"SLNs":[57,166,179],"posed":[59],"as":[60],"detection":[62],"specific":[64],"text":[65,94,123],"groups.":[66],"phase,":[69],"proximity":[71],"and":[72,85,129,139,148,189,224],"similarity":[73,191],"laws":[74],"Gestalt":[76],"Theory":[77],"are":[78,106,142,171,180],"collaboratively":[79],"used":[80],"to":[81,118,205,213],"create":[82],"text-group":[83],"hypotheses":[84],"detect":[86],"meaningful":[88],"region":[89],"groups":[90],"that":[91,125,185],"may":[92],"contain":[93,127],"input":[96,169],"images.":[97],"second":[100],"step,":[101],"SLN":[103,110],"prior":[104],"features":[105,192],"first":[107],"summarized.":[108],"An":[109],"prior-based":[111],"fine":[112],"process":[114],"then":[116,203],"conducted":[117],"determine":[119],"locations":[121],"candidates":[124],"actually":[126],"characters":[128,194],"text,":[130],"i.e.,":[131],"candidate":[133],"Two":[135],"connected":[136],"component":[137],"classification":[138],"merging":[140],"algorithms":[141],"based":[144],"on":[145,230],"height":[146],"continuity":[147],"vertical/horizontal":[149],"projection":[150],"analysis.":[151],"Third,":[152],"connected-component":[154],"scatter-based":[155],"fake-SLN":[156],"elimination":[157],"algorithm":[158],"developed.":[160],"accurate":[162],"positions":[163],"image":[170],"obtained":[172],"stage.":[175],"Finally,":[176],"partially":[177],"located":[178],"compensated":[181],"by":[182],"characterizes":[186],"color":[188],"brightness":[190],"same":[197],"SLN.":[198],"applied":[204],"two":[206],"collected":[207],"datasets.":[208],"proved":[212],"be":[214],"with":[216,233],"overall":[218],"ship-level":[219],"accuracy":[221],"70.38%":[223],"SLN-level":[226],"F-measure":[227],"0.642":[229],"950":[231],"images":[232],"1374":[234],"labeled":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}