{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031638733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","title":"Stationary Detection of the Pedestrian?s Intention at Intersections","display_name":"Stationary Detection of the Pedestrian?s Intention at Intersections","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031638733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","mag":"2031638733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114012043","display_name":"Sebastian Koehler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Koehler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043217442","display_name":"Michael Goldhammer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106157433","display_name":"University of Kassel","ror":"https://ror.org/04zc7p361","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Goldhammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Kassel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106157433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032995111","display_name":"Sebastian Bauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4328-195X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Bauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087061834","display_name":"Stephan Zecha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["DE","NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephan Zecha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Contiguard Testing, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands","Technical University of Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Contiguard Testing, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047844917","display_name":"Konrad Doll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3746-2319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148049","display_name":"Giessen School of Theology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kzgcv48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Doll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freescale Semiconductor Inc., University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany","University of Gie\u00dfen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freescale Semiconductor Inc., University of Applied Sciences Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Gie\u00dfen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148049","https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021772186","display_name":"U. Brunsmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158205","display_name":"Aschaffenburg University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04sms9203","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich Brunsmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences, Aschaffenburg, Germany","Institute of Measurement, Control and Microtechnology in the school of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Ulm"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences, Aschaffenburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158205"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Measurement, Control and Microtechnology in the school of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Ulm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085054529","display_name":"Klaus Dietmayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-014X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196349391","display_name":"Universit\u00e4t Ulm","ror":"https://ror.org/032000t02","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162505","display_name":"Philips (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05san5604","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849","https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Dietmayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Measurement, Control and Microtechnology in the school of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Ulm","Philips Semiconductors Systems Laboratory, University of Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Measurement, Control and Microtechnology in the school of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Ulm","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196349391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philips Semiconductors Systems Laboratory, University of Armed Forces, Hamburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96400366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"87","last_page":"99"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.7403765916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6837171316146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.6437727212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6318454742431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6030484437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.6028664708137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5908974409103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.5551055073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.5141497254371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.5107908248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5006217956542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2647601366043091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7403765916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6837171316146851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.6437727212905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6318454742431641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6030484437942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.6028664708137512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5908974409103394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.5551055073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.5141497254371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.5107908248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5006217956542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2647601366043091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mits.2013.2276939","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131000621","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","issn_l":"1939-1390","issn":["1939-1390","1941-1197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321672","display_name":"Else Kr\u00f6ner-Fresenius-Stiftung","ror":"https://ror.org/03zcxha54"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1558057344","https://openalex.org/W1570439160","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W1886384657","https://openalex.org/W1967716704","https://openalex.org/W1970490026","https://openalex.org/W1980985548","https://openalex.org/W1990707145","https://openalex.org/W2018574896","https://openalex.org/W2028158532","https://openalex.org/W2031454541","https://openalex.org/W2032481801","https://openalex.org/W2034430035","https://openalex.org/W2047203401","https://openalex.org/W2051066766","https://openalex.org/W2056983531","https://openalex.org/W2067905443","https://openalex.org/W2074091263","https://openalex.org/W2091823216","https://openalex.org/W2092451715","https://openalex.org/W2096409772","https://openalex.org/W2098317899","https://openalex.org/W2098792943","https://openalex.org/W2101482982","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2117015848","https://openalex.org/W2118810648","https://openalex.org/W2119350939","https://openalex.org/W2121955477","https://openalex.org/W2123430619","https://openalex.org/W2125896931","https://openalex.org/W2126413547","https://openalex.org/W2131842403","https://openalex.org/W2133775549","https://openalex.org/W2134380836","https://openalex.org/W2139479830","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2155135999","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2169248202","https://openalex.org/W2424514403","https://openalex.org/W2532853997","https://openalex.org/W2554874560","https://openalex.org/W2767384395","https://openalex.org/W4248936881","https://openalex.org/W6636501900","https://openalex.org/W6658228311","https://openalex.org/W6678680539","https://openalex.org/W6679656870","https://openalex.org/W6717381734"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W1976827262","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3,141],"stat":[4],"ionary":[5],"detect":[6],"ion":[7],"of":[8,66,76,85,95,100,118,121,133,147,157,163,177],"the":[9,14,61,70,74,82,89,93,119,134,137,178,189,198],"pedestrian's":[10],"intention":[11,135],"to":[12,35,167,197],"enter":[13],"traffic":[15],"lane":[16],"at":[17,63,73,104,153],"intersections.":[18],"We":[19],"use":[20],"an":[21,64,116,161],"Interacting":[22],"Multiple":[23],"Model":[24],"Extended":[25],"Kalman":[26],"Filter":[27],"(IMM-EKF)":[28],"based":[29,47],"tracking":[30],"approach":[31],"as":[32],"basic":[33],"method":[34],"recognize":[36],"this.":[37],"In":[38,165],"addition,":[39],"we":[40,107,174,187,192],"propose":[41],"a":[42,98,101,154,168,181],"novel":[43],"Motion":[44],"Contour":[45],"image":[46],"HOG-like":[48],"descriptor":[49],"(MCHOG)":[50],"in":[51,128,180],"combination":[52],"with":[53,194],"Support":[54],"Vector":[55],"Machine":[56],"(SVM)":[57],"classification":[58],"that":[59],"reaches":[60],"decision":[62],"accuracy":[65,162],"99":[67],"%":[68],"within":[69,150],"initial":[71],"step":[72],"curb":[75],"smart":[77],"infrastructure.":[78],"MCHOG":[79,127,195],"implicitly":[80],"comprises":[81],"body":[83,90,139],"language":[84],"gait":[86,148],"initiation,":[87],"especially":[88],"bending":[91],"and":[92,115,160,186],"spread":[94],"legs.":[96],"As":[97],"result":[99],"case":[102],"study":[103],"laboratory":[105,172],"conditions":[106,173],"present":[108],"Receiver":[109],"Operating":[110],"Characteristic":[111],"(ROC)":[112],"performance":[113],"data":[114],"evaluation":[117,170],"span":[120],"time":[122],"necessary":[123],"for":[124,145],"recognition.":[125],"While":[126],"special":[129],"cases":[130],"indicates":[131],"detection":[132,146],"before":[136],"whole":[138],"moves,":[140],"average":[142],"it":[143],"allows":[144],"initiation":[149],"6":[151],"frames":[152],"frame":[155],"rate":[156],"50":[158],"Hz":[159],"80%.":[164],"addition":[166],"comprehensive":[169],"under":[171],"demonstrate":[175],"feasibility":[176],"methods":[179],"real":[182],"world":[183],"intersection":[184],"scenario":[185],"show":[188],"gain":[190],"which":[191],"achieve":[193],"compared":[196],"IMM-EKF":[199],"approach.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}