{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415593775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999","title":"Detecting Software Defects With Hierarchical Multilabel Classification: Insights From an Industrial Case Study","display_name":"Detecting Software Defects With Hierarchical Multilabel Classification: Insights From an Industrial Case Study","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415593775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012269993","display_name":"Montassar Ben Messaoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Montassar Ben Messaoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tunis and LARODEC, El Mourouj, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4056-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis and LARODEC, El Mourouj, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034343065","display_name":"Ahmed Nour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0884-7424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Nour","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tunis, El Mourouj, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0884-7424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis, El Mourouj, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014685433","display_name":"Inas Khalifa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0296-9659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108714496","display_name":"Tunis University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q1spa57","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108714496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilyes Ben Khalifa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tunis, El Mourouj, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0296-9659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis, El Mourouj, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108714496","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119364942","display_name":"Mohamed Tounsi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2441-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129295481","display_name":"Tunisia Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/033xhzd30","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129295481"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Tounsi","raw_affiliation_strings":["VERMEG, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2441-6118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VERMEG, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129295481"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067869262","display_name":"Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092198","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Flint","ror":"https://ror.org/01c3xc117","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Flint, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-7561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Flint, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41902329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"5","first_page":"31","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9243999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.8937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-bug","display_name":"Software bug","score":0.40139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.8937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7778000235557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6132000088691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5947999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5386000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1009929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179550","display_name":"Software bug","level":3,"score":0.40139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38029998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29019999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82214349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657339","display_name":"Software metric","level":5,"score":0.25119999051094055}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2025.3605999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030848407","https://openalex.org/W2587809441","https://openalex.org/W2910644300","https://openalex.org/W2972351145","https://openalex.org/W3006090163","https://openalex.org/W4319069055","https://openalex.org/W4400770610"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Managing":[0],"software":[1,41,90],"defects":[2,52,78],"effectively":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,75,82,86],"major":[6],"advantage":[7],"for":[8],"companies":[9],"that":[10,51,109],"rely":[11],"on":[12,59,63],"service-based":[13],"solutions,":[14],"as":[15],"it":[16,44],"reduces":[17],"risks":[18],"and":[19,26,38,88,134],"improves":[20],"the":[21,35],"way":[22],"issues":[23],"are":[24,53],"tracked":[25],"resolved.":[27],"Numerous":[28],"methods":[29],"have":[30,49],"been":[31],"proposed":[32],"to":[33,46],"enhance":[34],"identification,":[36],"localization,":[37],"classification":[39,79],"of":[40,73,117],"defects.":[42],"When":[43],"comes":[45],"practice,":[47],"we":[48,66,93],"found":[50],"inherently":[54],"organized":[55],"in":[56,68,85,123],"hierarchies":[57],"based":[58],"class":[60],"inclusion.":[61],"Building":[62],"this":[64,69],"idea,":[65],"report":[67],"article":[70],"our":[71,110],"experience":[72],"deploying":[74],"hierarchical":[76],"multilabel":[77],"approach,":[80],"within":[81],"development":[83],"team":[84],"banking":[87],"finance":[89],"company.":[91],"Overall,":[92],"gathered":[94],"over":[95],"2000":[96],"defect":[97],"reports,":[98],"coming":[99],"from":[100],"their":[101],"agile":[102],"reporter":[103],"calculation":[104],"engine.":[105],"Key":[106],"findings":[107],"reveal":[108],"approach":[111],"not":[112],"only":[113],"provide":[114],"better":[115,125],"interpretability":[116],"overlapping":[118],"categories":[119],"but":[120],"also":[121],"results":[122,127],"significantly":[124],"performance":[126],"than":[128],"traditional":[129],"flat":[130],"feedforward":[131],"neural":[132],"networks":[133],"transformers-based":[135],"large":[136],"language":[137],"models.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-28T00:00:00"}