{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4352976972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886","title":"A QoS-Aware Technique for Computation Offloading in IoT-Edge Platforms Using a Convolutional Neural Network and Markov Decision Process","display_name":"A QoS-Aware Technique for Computation Offloading in IoT-Edge Platforms Using a Convolutional Neural Network and Markov Decision Process","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4352976972","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086695777","display_name":"Arash Heidari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-8551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130889","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Shabestar","ror":"https://ror.org/03b49d241","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arash Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-8551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063265782","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Jabraeil Jamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-5469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130889","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Shabestar","ror":"https://ror.org/03b49d241","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali Jabraeil Jamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7687-5469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007907571","display_name":"Nima Jafari Navimipour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-5536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293555014","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Tabriz","ror":"https://ror.org/04hnf9a51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nima Jafari Navimipour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5514-5536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293555014"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034764990","display_name":"Shahin Akbarpour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2270-2807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130889","display_name":"Islamic Azad University Shabestar","ror":"https://ror.org/03b49d241","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahin Akbarpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.6762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98517707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"24","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14413","display_name":"Advanced Technologies in Various Fields","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8347880244255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5938673615455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5742354989051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.525423526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5204342007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5083798766136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4966886639595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4854932129383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47042250633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4636225998401642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45258674025535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.43732500076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3907550573348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3360937535762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32370424270629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09948250651359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09042620658874512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8347880244255066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5938673615455627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5742354989051819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.525423526763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5204342007637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5083798766136169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4966886639595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4854932129383087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47042250633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4636225998401642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45258674025535583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.43732500076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3907550573348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3360937535762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32370424270629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09948250651359558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09042620658874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3217886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W3004316932","https://openalex.org/W3005489823","https://openalex.org/W3012434840","https://openalex.org/W3082126145","https://openalex.org/W3095393520","https://openalex.org/W3118383391","https://openalex.org/W3120265095","https://openalex.org/W3134284227","https://openalex.org/W3135453822","https://openalex.org/W3139536780","https://openalex.org/W3160920078","https://openalex.org/W3175915686","https://openalex.org/W3179017527","https://openalex.org/W3183673024","https://openalex.org/W3192083077","https://openalex.org/W3195439912","https://openalex.org/W3198247306","https://openalex.org/W3211080667","https://openalex.org/W3212318690","https://openalex.org/W4200634471","https://openalex.org/W4205100419","https://openalex.org/W4206217875","https://openalex.org/W4206383810","https://openalex.org/W4206626397","https://openalex.org/W4206744346","https://openalex.org/W4211126203","https://openalex.org/W4223558833","https://openalex.org/W4223890113","https://openalex.org/W4225627407","https://openalex.org/W4225696264","https://openalex.org/W4281992019","https://openalex.org/W4285260294","https://openalex.org/W4293056469","https://openalex.org/W4296848699","https://openalex.org/W4389516857"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2796352555","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W2962856838","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W3200145713","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offloading":[0],"is":[1,41],"one":[2],"of":[3,7,10,20,56,62,81,156,192,231],"the":[4,8,17,31,54,69,82,141,146,157,184,188,193,201,216,223],"critical":[5],"enablers":[6],"Internet":[9],"Things":[11],"(IoT)":[12],"as":[13],"it":[14,166,182],"helps":[15],"overcome":[16],"resource":[18],"limitations":[19],"individual":[21],"objects.":[22],"Offering":[23],"enough":[24],"computational":[25],"power":[26],"for":[27,45],"IoT":[28,71,94,126,133,168,235],"applications":[29],"at":[30],"edge":[32,40,185],"has":[33,52],"become":[34],"a":[35,42,79,113,153,173],"severe":[36],"problem.":[37],"An":[38],"intelligent":[39,57],"potential":[43],"approach":[44],"pushing":[46],"intelligence":[47],"to":[48,125,161,177,199,210,214],"network":[49,176],"edges,":[50],"which":[51,121],"played":[53],"role":[55],"decision-making":[58],"in":[59,104,108,128,167,229],"many":[60,132],"elements":[61],"edge,":[63,70],"notably":[64],"task":[65,245],"offloading.":[66],"By":[67],"leveraging":[68,145],"devices":[72,95,106,127,134],"with":[73],"limited":[74,97],"battery":[75,91,98],"capacity":[76],"can":[77,85],"offload":[78],"portion":[80],"tasks":[83],"that":[84,222],"dramatically":[86],"reduce":[87],"latency":[88],"and":[89,164,180,244],"improve":[90,215],"life.":[92],"Because":[93],"have":[96],"capacity,":[99],"employing":[100],"deep":[101],"learning":[102,159,179,207],"approaches":[103],"such":[105,136],"results":[107,220],"higher":[109],"energy":[110,118,240],"consumption.":[111],"As":[112],"result,":[114],"several":[115],"studies":[116],"used":[117,172,209],"harvester":[119],"modules,":[120],"are":[122],"not":[123],"available":[124],"real-world":[129],"scenarios":[130],"because":[131],"lack":[135],"modules.":[137],"This":[138],"article":[139],"proposes":[140],"offloading":[142,203],"problem":[143],"by":[144,233,238,242,248],"Markov":[147],"decision":[148],"process.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"we":[151,171],"built":[152],"lightweight":[154],"version":[155],"reinforcement":[158],"technique":[160],"decrease":[162],"complexity":[163],"deployed":[165],"devices.":[169],"Then,":[170],"convolutional":[174],"neural":[175],"accelerate":[178],"put":[181],"on":[183,250],"platform.":[186],"Throughout":[187],"entire":[189],"working":[190],"duration":[191],"system,":[194],"these":[195],"two":[196],"methods":[197],"collaborate":[198],"provide":[200],"optimal":[202],"strategy.":[204],"Also,":[205],"transfer":[206],"was":[208],"initialize":[211],"Q-table":[212],"values":[213],"system\u2019s":[217],"efficiency.":[218],"The":[219],"showed":[221],"proposed":[224],"method":[225],"outperforms":[226],"five":[227],"benchmarks":[228],"terms":[230],"delay":[232],"3.3%,":[234],"device":[236],"efficiency":[237],"3.2%,":[239],"use":[241],"4.2%,":[243],"failure":[246],"rate":[247],"2.9%":[249],"average.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
