{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312956143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","title":"Low-Code Versus Code-Based Software Development: Which Wins the Productivity Game?","display_name":"Low-Code Versus Code-Based Software Development: Which Wins the Productivity Game?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312956143","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6294/9967389/09967415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6294/9967389/09967415.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068244130","display_name":"Ant\u00f3nio Trigo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-4284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Trigo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro ALGORITMI, Coimbra Business School Research Centre, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro ALGORITMI, Coimbra Business School Research Centre, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084277785","display_name":"Jo\ufffd\u00e3o Varaj\ufffd\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4303-3908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao Varajao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro ALGORITMI, University of Minho, Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729194","display_name":"Miguel Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6394-6827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I293362453","display_name":"Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8x4993","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Coimbra Business School Research Centre, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coimbra Business School Research Centre, Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068244130"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I293362453"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7826,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95494504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"61","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity","display_name":"Productivity","score":0.7410404086112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6788631677627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.62900710105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5887269973754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5685384273529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.48035940527915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-technology","display_name":"Information technology","score":0.45934826135635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4170586168766022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3201218545436859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23403578996658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20319122076034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19676199555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07249012589454651}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.7410404086112976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6788631677627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.62900710105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5887269973754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5685384273529053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.48035940527915955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.45934826135635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4170586168766022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3201218545436859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23403578996658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20319122076034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19676199555397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07249012589454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6294/9967389/09967415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/88493","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/88493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400354","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3riUM (Universidade do Minho)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","host_organization_name":"University of Minho","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3189880","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6294/9967389/09967415.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2582522631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3272457656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312956143.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4312956143.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138867540","https://openalex.org/W1971527240","https://openalex.org/W1994885765","https://openalex.org/W2075777637","https://openalex.org/W2132794052","https://openalex.org/W2134151519","https://openalex.org/W2143778610","https://openalex.org/W2496750215","https://openalex.org/W2520990119","https://openalex.org/W2944520608","https://openalex.org/W2949088932","https://openalex.org/W2995269804","https://openalex.org/W3076111932","https://openalex.org/W3093891276","https://openalex.org/W3143875526","https://openalex.org/W3173936133","https://openalex.org/W3200477342","https://openalex.org/W4206433572","https://openalex.org/W6819001320","https://openalex.org/W6932030569","https://openalex.org/W6999661566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2329452785","https://openalex.org/W2356380379","https://openalex.org/W2363925233","https://openalex.org/W2366284060","https://openalex.org/W2373724792","https://openalex.org/W1794016765","https://openalex.org/W2391464953","https://openalex.org/W2281360585","https://openalex.org/W2093432410","https://openalex.org/W2271843438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Software":[0],"is":[1,68,82],"becoming":[2],"increasingly":[3],"larger":[4],"and":[5,7,15,30,61],"complex,":[6],"companies":[8,94],"should":[9],"be":[10,88],"aware":[11],"of":[12,40,49,63,76,96,106],"which":[13],"technologies":[14],"platforms":[16],"allow":[17],"for":[18,103],"higher":[19],"productivity,":[20],"that":[21,58,83],"then":[22],"translates":[23],"into":[24,91],"lower":[25],"costs,":[26],"shorter":[27],"development":[28,53,60,105],"times,":[29],"fewer":[31],"required":[32],"specialized":[33],"resources.":[34],"This":[35],"article":[36],"presents":[37],"the":[38,47,59,73,97,104],"results":[39,56],"an":[41],"experiment":[42],"carried":[43],"out":[44],"to":[45,87],"compare":[46],"productivity":[48,99],"two":[50],"low-code/code-based":[51],"software":[52,64],"technologies.":[54],"The":[55,79],"show":[57],"maintenance":[62],"with":[65],"low-code":[66,84],"technology":[67,85],"significantly":[69],"faster,":[70],"thus":[71],"supporting":[72],"high":[74],"potential":[75,98],"this":[77],"technology.":[78],"key":[80],"lesson":[81],"needs":[86],"seriously":[89],"taken":[90],"account":[92],"by":[93],"because":[95],"increase":[100],"it":[101],"represents":[102],"management":[107],"information":[108],"systems.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}