{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229056584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351","title":"Generalized Deepfake Video Detection Through Time-Distribution and Metric Learning","display_name":"Generalized Deepfake Video Detection Through Time-Distribution and Metric Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229056584","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025717681","display_name":"Shahela Saif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-4135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahela Saif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5249-4135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057496478","display_name":"Samabia Tehseen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samabia Tehseen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026435383","display_name":"Syed Sohaib Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Sohaib Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4795-7275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054590646","display_name":"Sumaira Kausar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumaira Kausar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4229-7802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112033621","display_name":"Amina Jameel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1698-2227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59225215","display_name":"Bahria University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v8d7770","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amina Jameel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahria University, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025717681"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59225215"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81278088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"38","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7941737771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6773375272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6692161560058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6556235551834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5866153240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misinformation","display_name":"Misinformation","score":0.5657277703285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5217981338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4908202588558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4840780794620514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4111120402812958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.351677805185318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3417985439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1019006073474884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7941737771034241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6773375272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6692161560058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6556235551834106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5866153240203857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776990098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13579947","display_name":"Misinformation","level":2,"score":0.5657277703285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5217981338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4908202588558197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4840780794620514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4111120402812958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.351677805185318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3417985439300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1019006073474884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mitp.2022.3168351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S86192639","display_name":"IT Professional","issn_l":"1520-9202","issn":["1520-9202","1941-045X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IT Professional","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2603123944","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2911424785","https://openalex.org/W2945262873","https://openalex.org/W2982058372","https://openalex.org/W3015341856","https://openalex.org/W3018179656","https://openalex.org/W3034785167","https://openalex.org/W3035751720","https://openalex.org/W3035925304","https://openalex.org/W3037967553","https://openalex.org/W3080839540","https://openalex.org/W3108854358","https://openalex.org/W3135925326","https://openalex.org/W4287752100","https://openalex.org/W6762480454","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6776879771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093104230","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W2729514902","https://openalex.org/W2024160000","https://openalex.org/W2970216048","https://openalex.org/W2560791808","https://openalex.org/W3164441579","https://openalex.org/W2770426046","https://openalex.org/W4283820830","https://openalex.org/W1576360539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"advancements":[1],"in":[2,80],"the":[3,12,104,108,124,136,140],"field":[4],"of":[5,14,28,37,98,107,126,139],"computer":[6],"vision":[7],"and":[8,17,32,47,95,101],"AI":[9],"have":[10,61],"enabled":[11],"creation":[13],"synthesized":[15],"images":[16],"videos":[18],"known":[19],"as":[20,25,75],"deepfakes.":[21],"Deepfakes":[22],"are":[23,83],"used":[24,40],"a":[26,63,69,87,99,131],"source":[27],"spreading":[29],"false":[30],"news":[31],"misinformation.":[33],"The":[34],"constant":[35],"evolution":[36],"generative":[38],"models,":[39],"for":[41,56],"creating":[42,68],"deepfakes,":[43],"makes":[44],"it":[45],"difficult":[46],"yet":[48],"very":[49],"important":[50],"to":[51,90],"find":[52],"effective":[53],"generalized":[54,64],"solutions":[55],"such":[57],"deepfake":[58,65],"videos.":[59],"We":[60],"designed":[62],"detector":[66],"by":[67,112],"two-stream":[70],"network":[71,89],"that":[72],"uses":[73],"CNN-LSTM":[74],"its":[76],"backbone.":[77],"Our":[78],"contributions":[79],"this":[81],"article":[82],"twofold:":[84],"1)":[85],"using":[86,93,113],"time-distributed":[88],"create":[91],"representations":[92],"spatial":[94],"temporal":[96],"information":[97],"video,":[100],"2)":[102],"improving":[103],"discriminative":[105],"ability":[106,138],"extracted":[109],"feature":[110],"embeddings":[111],"metric":[114],"learning":[115],"during":[116],"training.":[117],"Results":[118],"gathered":[119],"through":[120],"extensive":[121],"experiments":[122],"show":[123],"effectiveness":[125],"our":[127],"solution":[128],"even":[129],"on":[130],"cross-modal":[132],"FaceForensic++":[133],"dataset":[134],"proving":[135],"generalization":[137],"solution.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}