{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393099525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2024.3378923","title":"Effective Adversarial Examples Identification of Credit Card Transactions","display_name":"Effective Adversarial Examples Identification of Credit Card Transactions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393099525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2024.3378923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mis.2024.3378923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2024.3378923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114241109","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"1541-1672","issn":["1541-1672","1941-1294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103222253","display_name":"Min\u2010Yan Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-1288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min-Yan Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Information Management and Finance, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9001-1288","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management and Finance, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054815691","display_name":"Hsin\u2010Hung Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75430998","display_name":"National Ilan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01npf0s58","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsin-Hung Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Ilan University, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-6928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Ilan University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75430998"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085568918","display_name":"Chia-Mu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-2131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Mu Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","Department of Information Management and Finance, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1677-2131","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management and Finance, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032462085","display_name":"Yao\u2010Chung Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178613991","display_name":"National Taitung University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j9d8v51","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178613991"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao-Chung Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan, R.O.C"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2545-8910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178613991"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taitung University, Taitung, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178613991"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102824651","display_name":"Han\u2010Chieh Chao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107470533","display_name":"Tamkang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tft4718","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33096239","display_name":"National Dong Hwa University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mng9617","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33096239"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55285296","display_name":"UCSI University","ror":"https://ror.org/019787q29","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55285296"]}],"countries":["MY","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Chieh Chao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tamkang University, Taipei City, Taiwan","Department of Electrical Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, R.O.C","Institute of Computer Science and Innovation, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3222-1708","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tamkang University, Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107470533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan, R.O.C","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33096239"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Innovation, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55285296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103222253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89313619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"4","first_page":"50","last_page":"59"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card-fraud","display_name":"Credit card fraud","score":0.9107781648635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8667187690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card","display_name":"Credit card","score":0.8536050319671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfeit","display_name":"Counterfeit","score":0.7915657758712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7094336748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6818407773971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5660377740859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4959951341152191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.4565557539463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4517587125301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3919769823551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.11091595888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.0961219072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.06614211201667786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780747020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83873","display_name":"Credit card fraud","level":4,"score":0.9107781648635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8667187690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.8536050319671631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q502918","display_name":"Counterfeit","level":2,"score":0.7915657758712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7094336748123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6818407773971558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5660377740859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4959951341152191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.4565557539463043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4517587125301361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3919769823551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.11091595888137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0961219072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.06614211201667786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mis.2024.3378923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mis.2024.3378923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S114241109","display_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","issn_l":"1541-1672","issn":["1541-1672","1941-1294"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Intelligent Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1412267350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-259-003-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1543752840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2221-E-143-006-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3270230995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2622-E-197-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8207559458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 112-2221-E-197-016-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F2461203286","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W2751669091","https://openalex.org/W2898516482","https://openalex.org/W2947947498","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W3009006131","https://openalex.org/W3015724698","https://openalex.org/W3035182590","https://openalex.org/W3091395179","https://openalex.org/W3103372211","https://openalex.org/W3183177424","https://openalex.org/W4226126314","https://openalex.org/W4280647945","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4310736693","https://openalex.org/W4312408275","https://openalex.org/W4317600365","https://openalex.org/W4384916715","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6739868092"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2483711049","https://openalex.org/W4224237387","https://openalex.org/W3150316110","https://openalex.org/W4313247660","https://openalex.org/W3153799676","https://openalex.org/W2984276143","https://openalex.org/W4281702918","https://openalex.org/W4391267261","https://openalex.org/W4281858644","https://openalex.org/W4283392145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Credit":[0],"cards":[1,11,41],"are":[2,12],"currently":[3],"a":[4,34,49],"prevalent":[5],"method":[6],"of":[7,20,37,68,112,124],"transactions.":[8],"However,":[9,65],"credit":[10,40,125],"susceptible":[13],"to":[14,17,60,105,120],"forgery,":[15],"leading":[16],"numerous":[18],"cases":[19],"fraud.":[21],"Such":[22],"actions":[23],"result":[24],"in":[25],"financial":[26],"losses":[27],"for":[28],"consumers,":[29],"merchants,":[30],"and":[31,92],"banks.":[32],"Detecting":[33],"large":[35],"number":[36],"well-crafted":[38],"counterfeit":[39],"is":[42],"often":[43],"challenging":[44],"through":[45],"manual":[46],"means.":[47],"As":[48],"result,":[50],"much":[51],"research":[52],"has":[53],"been":[54],"focused":[55],"on":[56],"employing":[57],"Artificial":[58],"Intelligence":[59],"achieve":[61],"high":[62],"detection":[63,97,115],"performance.":[64],"the":[66,100,110,113,122],"accuracy":[67],"these":[69],"AI-based":[70],"methods":[71,104],"may":[72],"be":[73],"challenged":[74],"by":[75],"attack":[76],"techniques":[77],"using":[78],"Adversarial":[79,107],"Examples.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"this":[83,85],"issue,":[84],"paper":[86],"utilizes":[87],"neuron":[88],"activation":[89],"status":[90],"distribution":[91],"Deep":[93],"Neural":[94],"Networks":[95],"as":[96],"tools.":[98],"Furthermore,":[99],"experiments":[101],"employ":[102],"three":[103],"generate":[106],"Examples,":[108],"showcasing":[109],"effectiveness":[111],"proposed":[114],"approach.":[116],"This":[117],"ultimately":[118],"aims":[119],"safeguard":[121],"rights":[123],"card":[126],"users.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}