{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400113613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727","title":"A Blink Detection Algorithm for Eye-Tracking Applications Based on Facial Geometry","display_name":"A Blink Detection Algorithm for Eye-Tracking Applications Based on Facial Geometry","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400113613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 47th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention (MIPRO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099635430","display_name":"Tyler Egloff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127373","display_name":"Highland Community College - Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxywv89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Egloff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876","https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104338293","display_name":"Elaina Hall","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127373","display_name":"Highland Community College - Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxywv89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaina Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876","https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017122751","display_name":"Nicholas Caporusso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127373","display_name":"Highland Community College - Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxywv89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Caporusso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876","https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088514376","display_name":"Brett Thaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168416876","display_name":"Northern Kentucky University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k44g025","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168416876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127373","display_name":"Highland Community College - Illinois","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxywv89","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett Thaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Kentucky University,Highland Heights,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876","https://openalex.org/I4210127373"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5099635430"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168416876","https://openalex.org/I4210127373"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70573167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1381","last_page":"1386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.928600013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6354577541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5087321400642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5085476636886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4531573951244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4513876736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44890210032463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.44104355573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-geometry","display_name":"Computational geometry","score":0.42559054493904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20896273851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.0884387195110321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6354577541351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5087321400642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5085476636886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4531573951244354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4513876736164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44890210032463074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.44104355573654175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29123130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874709","display_name":"Computational geometry","level":2,"score":0.42559054493904114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20896273851394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0884387195110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mipro60963.2024.10569727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 47th MIPRO ICT and Electronics Convention (MIPRO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975640241","https://openalex.org/W1979845503","https://openalex.org/W1990442416","https://openalex.org/W1990608225","https://openalex.org/W2128221159","https://openalex.org/W2138277745","https://openalex.org/W2145112153","https://openalex.org/W2405491235","https://openalex.org/W2798002193","https://openalex.org/W3013357991","https://openalex.org/W3017837134","https://openalex.org/W3082540155","https://openalex.org/W3171953908","https://openalex.org/W4225680937","https://openalex.org/W4295745583","https://openalex.org/W4312328946","https://openalex.org/W4317242572","https://openalex.org/W4319315591","https://openalex.org/W4382562215","https://openalex.org/W4386413847","https://openalex.org/W4386925092","https://openalex.org/W6714055188"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2023861399","https://openalex.org/W2730915376","https://openalex.org/W2626306547","https://openalex.org/W2158788032","https://openalex.org/W2740851372","https://openalex.org/W2165852999","https://openalex.org/W2154461127","https://openalex.org/W598462635","https://openalex.org/W137454273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"abstract-Blinking":[0],"is":[1,194],"a":[2,17,104,188],"semi-involuntary":[3],"physiological":[4,14],"process":[5],"that":[6,41,153,175],"can":[7,159],"provide":[8],"insight":[9],"into":[10],"various":[11,185],"cognitive":[12],"and":[13,39,46,58,68,78,140,147,164,192],"facets":[15],"of":[16,48,72,80,97,120,131,137,178],"human":[18],"subject,":[19],"including":[20],"fatigue":[21],"or":[22,32,118],"eye":[23,30,139],"conditions.":[24],"However,":[25,86],"in":[26,184],"applications":[27],"such":[28],"as":[29],"tracking":[31],"brain-computer":[33],"interfaces,":[34],"blink-related":[35],"interruptions":[36],"introduce":[37],"artifacts":[38],"inaccuracies":[40],"potentially":[42],"skew":[43],"the":[44,70,76,93,112,121,129,138,144,154,176,179],"analysis":[45,173],"interpretation":[47],"results.":[49],"Specifically,":[50,170],"blinking":[51,73],"poses":[52],"several":[53],"challenges":[54],"to":[55,74],"eye-tracking":[56,81,168],"research":[57,61],"applications.":[59,169],"Several":[60],"groups":[62],"devised":[63],"efficient":[64],"strategies":[65],"for":[66,107,127],"detecting":[67],"minimizing":[69],"impact":[71],"improve":[75],"accuracy":[77,191],"utility":[79],"systems":[82],"across":[83],"multiple":[84],"domains.":[85],"most":[87],"blink":[88,108,156],"detection":[89,109,157],"algorithms":[90,126,181],"focus":[91],"on":[92,111],"two-dimensional":[94],"pixel":[95],"space":[96],"an":[98],"image.":[99],"Conversely,":[100],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"illustrates":[103],"novel":[105],"method":[106],"based":[110],"facial":[113],"geometry":[114],"extracted":[115],"from":[116],"images":[117],"videos":[119],"subject.":[122],"It":[123],"presents":[124],"three":[125,180],"determining":[128],"degree":[130],"eyelid":[132,142],"openness":[133],"using":[134],"three-dimensional":[135],"landmarks":[136],"pupil:":[141],"distance,":[143],"shoelace":[145],"theorem,":[146],"polygonal":[148],"methods.":[149],"Our":[150],"findings":[151],"suggest":[152],"proposed":[155],"methodology":[158],"effectively":[160],"aid":[161],"data":[162],"preprocessing":[163],"frame":[165],"labeling,":[166],"improving":[167],"our":[171],"comparative":[172],"shows":[174],"performances":[177],"offer":[182],"versatility":[183],"contexts":[186],"where":[187],"balance":[189],"between":[190],"efficiency":[193],"crucial.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
