{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411799580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/miot.2025.3584553","title":"Optical Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided VLC With NOMA: Principle, Challenges, and Trends","display_name":"Optical Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided VLC With NOMA: Principle, Challenges, and Trends","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411799580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/miot.2025.3584553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/miot.2025.3584553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/miot.2025.3584553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201254","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","issn_l":"2576-3180","issn":["2576-3180","2576-3199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101945354","display_name":"Zehao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5614-1082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5614-1082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-5086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059477286","display_name":"Shiyuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-6912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Network RAN Research Department, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","Research Engineer with Wireless Network RAN Research Department, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9119-6912","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Network RAN Research Department, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Engineer with Wireless Network RAN Research Department, Huawei Technologies Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9510"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6066-9510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11471268,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"141"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11723","display_name":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","score":0.9205999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.647769033908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6012362241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43243294954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3745623230934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.246301531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2252105474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.1045607328414917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.647769033908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6012362241744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43243294954299927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3745623230934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.246301531791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2252105474472046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.1045607328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/miot.2025.3584553","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/miot.2025.3584553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201254","display_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","issn_l":"2576-3180","issn":["2576-3180","2576-3199"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet of Things Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2522847968","https://openalex.org/W2605344455","https://openalex.org/W2780345215","https://openalex.org/W2900187546","https://openalex.org/W2942447024","https://openalex.org/W3042689071","https://openalex.org/W3182597944","https://openalex.org/W4213197868","https://openalex.org/W4285169037","https://openalex.org/W4312233343","https://openalex.org/W4388819646","https://openalex.org/W4391759920","https://openalex.org/W4396515309","https://openalex.org/W4402302625","https://openalex.org/W4402833929"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3030525848","https://openalex.org/W4385197910","https://openalex.org/W2340639785","https://openalex.org/W4404253608","https://openalex.org/W3010814398","https://openalex.org/W4385197899","https://openalex.org/W3005957545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"visible":[1],"light":[2],"communication":[3,124],"(VLC)":[4],"has":[5],"emerged":[6],"as":[7,33],"an":[8],"attractive":[9],"complement":[10],"to":[11,17,65,89],"radio":[12],"frequency":[13],"(RF)":[14],"communications":[15],"due":[16],"the":[18,34,66,70,76,83,91,102,110,115,121,129,140],"license-free":[19],"bandwidth":[20,38],"and":[21,36,48,79,120,132,143],"high":[22,98],"data":[23],"rate.":[24],"Nevertheless,":[25],"VLC":[26,60,93,136],"in":[27],"practice":[28],"scenarios":[29],"encounters":[30],"challenges,":[31],"such":[32],"blockage":[35],"limited":[37],"of":[39,68,112,117,123,134,150],"light-emitting":[40],"diodes":[41],"(LEDs).":[42],"Optical":[43],"intelligent":[44],"reflecting":[45],"surface":[46],"(OIRS)":[47],"non-orthogonal":[49],"multiple":[50],"access":[51],"(NOMA)":[52],"are":[53,145],"two":[54],"potential":[55],"technologies":[56,131],"that":[57],"can":[58,81,104],"help":[59],"overcome":[61],"its":[62],"shortcomings.":[63],"According":[64],"principle":[67],"NOMA,":[69],"power":[71],"is":[72],"allocated":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"channel":[77],"conditions":[78],"OIRS":[80],"reconfigure":[82],"optical":[84,113,151],"channel,":[85,114],"which":[86],"inspires":[87],"us":[88],"study":[90],"OIRS-aided":[92],"with":[94,137],"NOMA":[95],"for":[96,147],"multi-user":[97],"speed":[99],"communications.":[100,153],"Specifically,":[101],"advantages":[103],"be":[105],"categorized":[106],"into":[107],"three":[108],"types:":[109],"reconfiguration":[111],"enhancement":[116],"signal":[118],"quality,":[119],"improvement":[122],"security.":[125],"Additionally,":[126],"we":[127],"summarise":[128],"key":[130],"challenges":[133],"NOMA-based":[135],"OIRS.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"open":[141],"issues":[142],"trends":[144],"discussed":[146],"future":[148],"research":[149],"wireless":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-08T20:05:33.558190","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
