{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3183848575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","title":"Spectral Reconstruction and Bayesian Model Framework for Characterization of Long Period Fiber Gratings","display_name":"Spectral Reconstruction and Bayesian Model Framework for Characterization of Long Period Fiber Gratings","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3183848575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","mag":"3183848575"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation &amp; Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047618112","display_name":"Bernardo Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3952-2311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Photonics of the Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Portugal","University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Photonics of the Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047276785","display_name":"Paulo S. S. dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-7427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paulo Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Porto, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Porto, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056569146","display_name":"P. A. S. Jorge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro A. S. Jorge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056734094","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. M. M. de Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3810-5943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose M. M. M. de Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Applied Photonics of the Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal","University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Applied Photonics of the Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026249023","display_name":"L. Coelho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6205-9479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis C. C. Coelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2034,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50746316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"56","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curvature","display_name":"Curvature","score":0.6004300117492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.5411822199821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.5392355918884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-shape-analysis","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","score":0.47035670280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4607449769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4584076702594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.4561272859573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.4500827193260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-line","display_name":"Spectral line","score":0.43854260444641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.4252600073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37546849250793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3651869297027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35706210136413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.23086845874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22098404169082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.15040814876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13820713758468628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195065555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214881","display_name":"Curvature","level":2,"score":0.6004300117492676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.5411822199821472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.5392355918884277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152822103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575207","display_name":"Spectral shape analysis","level":3,"score":0.47035670280456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4607449769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4584076702594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.4561272859573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.4500827193260193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4839761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212111","display_name":"Spectral line","level":2,"score":0.43854260444641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.4252600073814392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37546849250793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3651869297027588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35706210136413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.23086845874786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22098404169082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.15040814876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13820713758468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9491007","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation &amp; Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6754833224","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/146784/2019,CEECIND/00471/2017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536570457","https://openalex.org/W1996291721","https://openalex.org/W2075187263","https://openalex.org/W2079692514","https://openalex.org/W2096441879","https://openalex.org/W2758267921","https://openalex.org/W2766940139","https://openalex.org/W2923968437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W610912452","https://openalex.org/W2942569287","https://openalex.org/W2547494374","https://openalex.org/W1979506785","https://openalex.org/W2075841941","https://openalex.org/W3182082895","https://openalex.org/W1996601847","https://openalex.org/W2082444836","https://openalex.org/W2092877997","https://openalex.org/W2056020721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,117],"use":[1],"of":[2,16,41,69,92,102,119,140,150],"Long-Period":[3],"Fiber":[4],"Gratings":[5],"(LPFGs)":[6],"as":[7,25,44,88,145],"sensors":[8],"has":[9,62],"been":[10],"thoroughly":[11],"researched,":[12],"given":[13],"the":[14,30,64,67,77,82,100,148],"multitude":[15],"parameters":[17,42],"these":[18,73],"structures":[19],"can":[20],"monitor":[21],"by":[22],"themselves":[23],"(such":[24,87],"temperature,":[26],"strain,":[27],"curvature)":[28],"and":[29,47,54,84,90,147],"potential":[31],"for":[32,39,66,72,105,125,137],"combination":[33],"with":[34,55,134],"other":[35],"materials":[36],"that":[37,113],"allow":[38],"monitoring":[40],"such":[43,144],"humidity,":[45],"pH":[46],"chemical":[48,151],"concentration,":[49],"at":[50],"a":[51,120,135],"low":[52],"price":[53],"easy":[56],"fabrication":[57],"processes":[58],"available.":[59],"This":[60],"interest":[61],"increased":[63],"need":[65],"development":[68,101,118],"interrogation":[70],"systems":[71],"sensors,":[74],"particularly":[75],"in":[76,130],"C-band":[78],"spectral":[79,107],"region.":[80],"Given":[81],"cost":[83],"physical":[85,142],"limitations":[86],"size":[89],"weight)":[91],"traditional":[93],"solutions":[94],"like":[95],"Optical":[96],"Spectrum":[97],"Analyzers":[98],"(OSA),":[99],"low-cost":[103],"approaches":[104],"LPFG":[106,126],"analysis":[108],"became":[109],"an":[110],"important":[111],"topic":[112],"needed":[114],"further":[115],"development.":[116],"simple":[121],"curve":[122],"fitting":[123],"routine":[124],"spectra":[127],"is":[128],"reported":[129],"this":[131],"article,":[132],"along":[133],"framework":[136],"automatic":[138],"detection":[139],"certain":[141],"phenomena":[143],"corrosion":[146],"presence":[149],"species,":[152],"among":[153],"others.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
