{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3154954796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","title":"Synchronous Demodulation for Low Noise Measurements","display_name":"Synchronous Demodulation for Low Noise Measurements","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3154954796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","mag":"3154954796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043213695","display_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-8048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erfan Ghaderi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014284015","display_name":"Behraad Bahreyni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6809-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behraad Bahreyni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Simon Fraser University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simon Fraser University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7119,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69128366,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"72","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.7836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6889476776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrowband","display_name":"Narrowband","score":0.685236930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.6145254969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5858656167984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.543502688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5350642800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.46291428804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4577369689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.436831533908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24550697207450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20844948291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.07822263240814209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.7836999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6889476776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140483","display_name":"Narrowband","level":2,"score":0.685236930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6145254969596863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5858656167984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.543502688407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5350642800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46291428804397583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4577369689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.436831533908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24550697207450867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20844948291778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.07822263240814209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2021.9400956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486910393","https://openalex.org/W1969717683","https://openalex.org/W1975153269","https://openalex.org/W1998954858","https://openalex.org/W2014180555","https://openalex.org/W2020461425","https://openalex.org/W2064792302","https://openalex.org/W2069939083","https://openalex.org/W2169985335","https://openalex.org/W2502777640","https://openalex.org/W2604870861","https://openalex.org/W2783853147","https://openalex.org/W2904273626","https://openalex.org/W2981589434","https://openalex.org/W3021302047","https://openalex.org/W3040243147","https://openalex.org/W3093561565"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108403339","https://openalex.org/W2162712524","https://openalex.org/W2023005931","https://openalex.org/W2142924612","https://openalex.org/W4287867034","https://openalex.org/W3005783148","https://openalex.org/W4312518509","https://openalex.org/W383418545","https://openalex.org/W4367628250","https://openalex.org/W2004821155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,49],"provides":[2],"an":[3],"overview":[4],"of":[5,8,36,43,47,76,99,110,134],"the":[6,54,74,81,100,111,120,135],"applications":[7,101],"synchronous":[9,107],"demodulators":[10,20],"for":[11,24,31,105,127],"low":[12],"noise":[13,37,78],"measurements":[14,33],"in":[15,39,124,130],"a":[16,26,40,69,88,92,131],"tutorial":[17],"manner.":[18],"Synchronous":[19],"have":[21],"been":[22],"around":[23],"nearly":[25],"century":[27],"and":[28,34,59,79,102],"used":[29],"extensively":[30],"precise":[32],"reduction":[35],"bandwidth":[38],"wide":[41],"range":[42],"applications.":[44],"The":[45,63],"purpose":[46],"this":[48,125],"is":[50,57],"to":[51,67,72,119],"briefly":[52,115],"introduce":[53,97],"method":[55],"that":[56],"recognized":[58],"formalize":[60],"its":[61],"performance.":[62],"theory":[64],"explains":[65],"how":[66,80],"amplify":[68],"narrowband":[70],"signal":[71],"reduce":[73],"amount":[75],"measurement":[77],"process":[82],"can":[83],"be":[84],"simply":[85],"considered":[86],"as":[87],"multiplier":[89],"followed":[90],"by":[91],"low-pass":[93],"filter.":[94],"We":[95],"also":[96],"some":[98],"design":[103],"considerations":[104],"using":[106],"demodulation.":[108],"Some":[109],"advanced":[112],"topics":[113],"are":[114],"discussed":[116],"with":[117],"reference":[118],"most":[121],"recent":[122],"contribution":[123],"field":[126],"those":[128],"interested":[129],"deeper":[132],"understanding":[133],"content.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}