{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2922755122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","title":"Metrological aspects of time-of-flight range imaging","display_name":"Metrological aspects of time-of-flight range imaging","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2922755122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","mag":"2922755122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation &amp; Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017807248","display_name":"Lee Streeter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3987-6945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52179390","display_name":"University of Waikato","ror":"https://ror.org/013fsnh78","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee Streeter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, NZ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Waikato, Hamilton, Waikato, NZ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52179390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068939902","display_name":"Ye Chow Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5423-9653"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Chow Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85439299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"21","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13869","display_name":"Ocular and Laser Science Research","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"Metrology","score":0.680314302444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-of-flight","display_name":"Time of flight","score":0.5713121294975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5362132787704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4492994248867035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.36965036392211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3586287498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.357453852891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3481181859970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3354530930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.33039629459381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20942625403404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.17558857798576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.10414129495620728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.680314302444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98960154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983322","display_name":"Time of flight","level":2,"score":0.5713121294975281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5362132787704468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4492994248867035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.36965036392211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3586287498474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.357453852891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3481181859970093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3354530930519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.33039629459381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20942625403404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17558857798576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.10414129495620728}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mim.2019.8674630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121167460","display_name":"IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine","issn_l":"1094-6969","issn":["1094-6969","1941-0123"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Instrumentation &amp; Measurement Magazine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527354995","https://openalex.org/W1902333716","https://openalex.org/W2002687568","https://openalex.org/W2020640905","https://openalex.org/W2096935432","https://openalex.org/W2131653896","https://openalex.org/W2135197080","https://openalex.org/W2136286013","https://openalex.org/W2177564859","https://openalex.org/W2267298753","https://openalex.org/W2651035038","https://openalex.org/W2768431869","https://openalex.org/W2790920951","https://openalex.org/W3102597069","https://openalex.org/W3106403396","https://openalex.org/W6740189748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998546186","https://openalex.org/W2061967405","https://openalex.org/W2392646414","https://openalex.org/W2174860717","https://openalex.org/W2590542424","https://openalex.org/W2110528520","https://openalex.org/W2734799811","https://openalex.org/W2021243286","https://openalex.org/W2061437518","https://openalex.org/W2047136747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time-of-flight":[0],"(ToF)":[1],"range":[2,28],"imaging":[3,27,94],"cameras":[4],"measure":[5],"the":[6,9,22,31,39,60,99],"distance":[7],"from":[8],"camera":[10,53],"to":[11,42,103],"each":[12,16],"position":[13],"imaged":[14],"by":[15],"respective":[17],"pixel.":[18],"This":[19],"article":[20],"summarizes":[21],"current":[23],"state":[24],"of":[25,34,52,67,90,95],"ToF":[26,93],"measurement.":[29],"Covering":[30],"major":[32],"forms":[33],"biasing":[35],"error,":[36,83],"we":[37],"review":[38],"existing":[40],"methods":[41,48],"correct":[43],"them.":[44],"These":[45],"error":[46,91],"correction":[47],"comprise":[49],"a":[50,87],"mix":[51],"and":[54,78],"data":[55],"acquisition":[56],"modifications,":[57],"coupled":[58],"with":[59],"appropriate":[61],"signal":[62],"processing.":[63],"The":[64],"pervasive":[65],"influence":[66],"random":[68,81],"noise":[69],"is":[70,84],"considered":[71],"last,":[72],"but":[73],"not":[74],"at":[75],"all":[76],"least,":[77],"jitter,":[79],"or":[80],"timing":[82],"highlighted":[85],"as":[86],"special":[88],"cause":[89],"in":[92],"great":[96],"significance":[97],"despite":[98],"limited":[100],"attention":[101],"given":[102],"it.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
