{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117887511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306","title":"Hardware Acceleration for Massive-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming on RISC-V Vector DSPs","display_name":"Hardware Acceleration for Massive-MIMO Hybrid Beamforming on RISC-V Vector DSPs","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117887511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025851873","display_name":"Javier F. Acevedo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3666-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javier Acevedo","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062422672","display_name":"Patrick Seeling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2770-0675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1629065","display_name":"Central Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xawj266","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Seeling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Central Michigan University,Department of Computer Science"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Central Michigan University,Department of Computer Science","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1629065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110316880","display_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78650965","display_name":"TU Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/042aqky30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank H. P. Fitzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Dresden,Deutsche Telekom Chair of Communication Networks","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025851873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78650965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58524435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"144","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.40950000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.40950000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.27000001072883606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.07090000063180923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7878999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6055999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholesky-decomposition","display_name":"Cholesky decomposition","score":0.5357999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enodeb","display_name":"EnodeB","score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.34790000319480896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7878999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7545999884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6055999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.6013000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34727166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515375","display_name":"Cholesky decomposition","level":3,"score":0.5357999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.35429999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5379353","display_name":"EnodeB","level":4,"score":0.34850001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161824985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919509","display_name":"Vector processor","level":2,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.31369999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161611012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106370","display_name":"Digital signal processor","level":3,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199833920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612536","display_name":"Vector quantization","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56372850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050404","display_name":"Sparse matrix","level":3,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150741067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2377218","display_name":"Systolic array","level":3,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44673967361450195,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065489737","https://openalex.org/W2884517120","https://openalex.org/W2884677464","https://openalex.org/W2936567838","https://openalex.org/W2962785465","https://openalex.org/W2966932878","https://openalex.org/W2994193159","https://openalex.org/W3121764727","https://openalex.org/W3126945602","https://openalex.org/W4285195579","https://openalex.org/W4307079523","https://openalex.org/W4383960589","https://openalex.org/W4393028406","https://openalex.org/W4400487805","https://openalex.org/W4401568769","https://openalex.org/W4405934822"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vector":[0],"Digital":[1],"Signal":[2],"Processors":[3],"(DSPs)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"employed":[7],"in":[8,60,97,147,171],"every":[9],"generation":[10],"of":[11,71,115],"wireless":[12,36],"communication":[13],"systems":[14],"due":[15],"to":[16,19,50,167],"their":[17],"ability":[18],"compute":[20],"complex":[21],"algorithms,":[22],"efficiently":[23],"meeting":[24],"the":[25,68,92,108,120,134,135,138,143,154,178],"growing":[26],"demand":[27],"for":[28,74,111,141],"higher":[29],"data":[30,48],"rates":[31],"and":[32,43,56,122,149,157,169,173],"user":[33],"capacity.":[34],"Compute-intensive":[35],"kernels,":[37],"such":[38],"as":[39],"Beamforming":[40],"(BF),":[41],"equalization,":[42],"Channel":[44],"Estimation":[45],"(CE),":[46],"require":[47],"parallelization":[49],"perform":[51],"multiple":[52],"matrix":[53,110,145],"multiplications,":[54],"inversions,":[55],"vector":[57,158,161],"decomposition":[58,140],"operations":[59],"real":[61],"time.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64],"paper,":[65],"we":[66,90],"present":[67],"software":[69],"implementation":[70,130],"hybrid":[72],"beamforming":[73],"massive":[75],"Multiple":[76,78],"Input":[77],"Output":[79],"(mMIMO)":[80],"5th":[81],"Generation":[82],"Cellular":[83],"Networks":[84],"(5G)":[85],"New":[86],"Radio":[87],"(NR).":[88],"Specifically,":[89],"implement":[91],"linear":[93],"Zero-Forcing":[94],"(ZF)":[95],"algorithm":[96,136],"a":[98,112,164],"Reduced":[99],"Instruction":[100],"Set":[101],"Computer":[102],"(RISC)-V-based":[103],"single":[104],"core":[105],"processor,":[106],"computing":[107,142,177],"precoding":[109,144],"system":[113],"composed":[114],"M":[116],"transmit":[117],"antennas":[118],"at":[119],"eNodeB":[121],"K":[123],"receivers,":[124],"each":[125],"with":[126,137],"N":[127],"antennas.Our":[128],"single-core":[129],"demonstrates":[131],"that":[132],"optimizing":[133],"Cholesky":[139],"results":[146],"throughout":[148],"latency":[150],"gains,":[151],"when":[152,176],"comparing":[153],"core\u2019s":[155],"scalar":[156],"processors.":[159],"The":[160],"processor":[162],"achieves":[163],"speedup":[165],"up":[166],"107.73":[168],"108.36":[170],"throughput":[172],"latency,":[174],"respectively,":[175],"ZF":[179],"kernel.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-01T00:00:00"}
