{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117887408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202","title":"Islands of Exposure: Attacking HDMI Audio via Electromagnetic Side Channels","display_name":"Islands of Exposure: Attacking HDMI Audio via Electromagnetic Side Channels","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117887408","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121707239","display_name":"Kui Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121694553","display_name":"Meng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121744277","display_name":"Yanyun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanyun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,School of Cyber Security","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"752","last_page":"757"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.5702000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.5702000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.07680000364780426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.05950000137090683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal-processing","display_name":"Audio signal processing","score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert-channel","display_name":"Covert channel","score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-leakage","display_name":"Information leakage","score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.322299987077713}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6104000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5554999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4440999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.42260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29024540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476964","display_name":"Covert channel","level":5,"score":0.38179999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983848023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733553","display_name":"Transmission channel","level":3,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.25769999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom64451.2025.11310202","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2025 - 2025 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555486012","https://openalex.org/W1591425412","https://openalex.org/W2111432909","https://openalex.org/W2114636141","https://openalex.org/W2171132801","https://openalex.org/W2973896999","https://openalex.org/W4210341208","https://openalex.org/W4313428538","https://openalex.org/W4385413520","https://openalex.org/W4399302295"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,58],"present":[1],"a":[2],"novel":[3],"side-channel":[4,128],"attack":[5],"targeting":[6],"HDMI":[7,26,91,116],"audio":[8,49,92,117],"transmissions":[9],"via":[10],"electromagnetic":[11],"(EM)":[12],"leakage.":[13],"Our":[14,112],"approach":[15],"leverages":[16],"both":[17,141],"passive":[18],"and":[19,48,71,133,143],"active":[20],"channels":[21],"to":[22,140],"extract":[23],"information":[24],"from":[25],"signals":[27],"without":[28],"protocol-level":[29],"access":[30],"or":[31],"physical":[32],"tampering.":[33],"Through":[34],"the":[35,87],"unintentional":[36],"EM":[37,88],"leakage":[38],"channel,":[39],"we":[40,76],"accurately":[41],"infer":[42],"playback":[43],"states":[44],"(play":[45],"vs.":[46,52],"paused)":[47],"types":[50],"(speech":[51],"music)":[53],"with":[54,104],"100%":[55],"classification":[56],"accuracy.":[57],"further":[59],"achieve":[60],"96.67%":[61],"accuracy":[62],"in":[63,123],"fine-grained":[64],"spoken":[65],"digits":[66],"recognition":[67],"using":[68],"feature":[69],"fusion":[70],"bootstrapped":[72],"learning.":[73],"Complementing":[74],"this,":[75],"demonstrate":[77],"an":[78,105],"actively":[79],"modulated":[80],"covert":[81,95],"channel":[82,96],"that":[83,115],"encodes":[84],"data":[85,135],"into":[86],"emissions":[89],"of":[90,108],"streams.":[93],"This":[94],"supports":[97],"reliable":[98],"transmission":[99],"across":[100],"air-gapped,":[101],"wall-separated":[102],"environments":[103],"effective":[106],"throughput":[107],"12bits":[109],"per":[110],"second.":[111],"findings":[113],"reveal":[114],"paths,":[118],"traditionally":[119],"considered":[120],"benign,":[121],"can":[122],"fact":[124],"serve":[125],"as":[126],"powerful":[127],"vectors":[129],"for":[130],"behavioral":[131],"inference":[132],"stealthy":[134],"exfiltration,":[136],"posing":[137],"serious":[138],"risks":[139],"consumer":[142],"industrial":[144],"systems.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2026-01-01T00:00:00"}
