{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320031231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881","title":"Enhanced Multi-Way Time Transfer for High-Precision Time Synchronization among UASs","display_name":"Enhanced Multi-Way Time Transfer for High-Precision Time Synchronization among UASs","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320031231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608114","display_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102735278","display_name":"Dan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7244-9937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131102","display_name":"Intelligent Fusion Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjcc687","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc.,Germantown,MD,USA,20874"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc.,Germantown,MD,USA,20874","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003882518","display_name":"Genshe Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131102","display_name":"Intelligent Fusion Technology (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hjcc687","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genshe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc.,Germantown,MD,USA,20874"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Fusion Technology, Inc.,Germantown,MD,USA,20874","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017878875","display_name":"Khanh Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4768-9365"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khanh Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["US Space Force,NM,USA,87117"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US Space Force,NM,USA,87117","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023894377","display_name":"Erik Blasch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099573","display_name":"United States Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210099573","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Blasch","raw_affiliation_strings":["US AFOSR,USA,22203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"US AFOSR,USA,22203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099573"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102735278"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131102"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93276866,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.7980847358703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6347885131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.6058924198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5796316266059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-synchronization","display_name":"Time synchronization","score":0.5659447312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5256996154785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.5203582644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.47565051913261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4488900601863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-transfer","display_name":"Time transfer","score":0.42964109778404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2931499183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1370808482170105}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.7980847358703613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6347885131835938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6058924198150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5796316266059875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986737936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058791","display_name":"Time synchronization","level":2,"score":0.5659447312355042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5256996154785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.5203582644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.47565051913261414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4488900601863861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127568405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805271","display_name":"Time transfer","level":3,"score":0.42964109778404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2931499183177948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1370808482170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608114","display_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5670361573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N68335-19-C-0948","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338328","funder_display_name":"Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338328","display_name":"Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division","ror":"https://ror.org/054ajk512"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487587900","https://openalex.org/W1973800243","https://openalex.org/W2021701119","https://openalex.org/W2122069823","https://openalex.org/W2129066769","https://openalex.org/W2140147750","https://openalex.org/W2144903371","https://openalex.org/W2172016258","https://openalex.org/W2238746927","https://openalex.org/W2549274538","https://openalex.org/W2912462525"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885105415","https://openalex.org/W4231087120","https://openalex.org/W2799884807","https://openalex.org/W4385457275","https://openalex.org/W2166939931","https://openalex.org/W2030466550","https://openalex.org/W4385457220","https://openalex.org/W4368754967","https://openalex.org/W276212245","https://openalex.org/W2193384003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Small":[0],"Unmanned":[1],"Aerial":[2],"Systems":[3],"(UASs)":[4],"have":[5,152,159],"found":[6],"many":[7],"applications":[8],"within":[9],"both":[10,126,147],"the":[11,17,58,117,123,139,144],"defense":[12],"and":[13,129,133,155],"commercial":[14],"sectors.":[15],"With":[16],"increasing":[18],"availability":[19],"of":[20,45,67,87,109,138,165],"small":[21],"UASs,":[22],"it":[23],"is":[24,60,120,122],"desired":[25],"to":[26,29,37,50,76],"permit":[27],"them":[28],"work":[30],"together":[31],"with":[32],"radio":[33],"frequency":[34],"(RF)":[35],"sensors/payloads":[36],"form":[38],"a":[39,65,96,163,171],"coherent":[40],"beam":[41],"on":[42,93,162],"an":[43],"area":[44],"interest":[46],"(AOI).":[47],"In":[48,62],"order":[49],"facilitate":[51],"multi-UAS":[52],"control,":[53],"precise":[54],"time":[55,70,85,114,140],"synchronization":[56,86],"among":[57],"UASs":[59,94,167],"essential.":[61],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"framework":[66],"enhanced":[68],"two-way":[69],"transfer":[71],"(TWTT)":[72],"has":[73],"been":[74,153,160],"developed":[75],"achieve":[77],"high-precision":[78],"(":[79],"<tex":[80],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\sim":[82],"100$</tex>":[83],"pico-seconds)":[84],"multiple":[88],"distributed":[89],"RF":[90],"sources":[91],"located":[92,169],"in":[95,146,170],"GPS-denied":[97],"environment.":[98],"The":[99,113,135],"proposed":[100],"Enhanced":[101],"Multi-Way":[102],"Time":[103],"Transfer":[104],"(EM-WaTT)":[105],"relaxes":[106],"two":[107],"conditions":[108],"traditional":[110],"TWTT:":[111],"(i)":[112],"at":[115],"which":[116],"time-based":[118],"signal":[119,141],"transmitted":[121],"same":[124,145],"for":[125],"Transmit":[127],"(TX)":[128],"Receive":[130],"(RX)":[131],"sides,":[132],"(ii)":[134],"propagation":[136],"delay":[137],"must":[142],"be":[143],"directions.":[148],"Event-driven":[149],"numerical":[150],"simulations":[151],"implemented":[154],"analyzed.":[156],"Desired":[157],"results":[158],"obtained":[161],"scenario":[164],"10":[166],"randomly":[168],"one-square-mile":[172],"area.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}