{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320031076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589","title":"Deep Learning-based Interference Detection and Classification for LPI/LPD Radar Systems","display_name":"Deep Learning-based Interference Detection and Classification for LPI/LPD Radar Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320031076","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608114","display_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077337728","display_name":"Hamda Bouzabia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-7359"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamda Bouzabia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026023278","display_name":"Tri Nhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9857-6723"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tri Nhu Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resilient Machine Learning Institute (ReMI), École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS),Montreal,QC,Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077337728"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1036,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35718947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"655","last_page":"660"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.6859001517295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.646483302116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5847621560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5835102796554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.5441958904266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.543897807598114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.5342848300933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.4915662705898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4631231725215912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4575963616371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detection-theory","display_name":"Detection theory","score":0.4495373070240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42603427171707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-interference-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-interference ratio","score":0.42162996530532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.30526071786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23261761665344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1232994794845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09787973761558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.09584534168243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.0777592658996582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.6859001517295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.646483302116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5847621560096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5835102796554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.5441958904266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.543897807598114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.5342848300933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.4915662705898285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4631231725215912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4575963616371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.4495373070240021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42603427171707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75613536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4138870","display_name":"Signal-to-interference ratio","level":3,"score":0.42162996530532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.30526071786880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23261761665344238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1232994794845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09787973761558533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.09584534168243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0777592658996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom55135.2022.10017589","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608114","display_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2022 - 2022 IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:26213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/26213/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Compte rendu de conf\u00e9rence"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:56025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/56025/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Communication de conf\u00e9rence"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000683149","https://openalex.org/W2130261572","https://openalex.org/W2138365686","https://openalex.org/W2344138609","https://openalex.org/W2804584342","https://openalex.org/W2903312433","https://openalex.org/W2981399736","https://openalex.org/W3006342339","https://openalex.org/W3088118657","https://openalex.org/W3131980272","https://openalex.org/W4205593067","https://openalex.org/W4225665623","https://openalex.org/W4226341317","https://openalex.org/W4285232876","https://openalex.org/W4285275082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1642098898","https://openalex.org/W2998203368","https://openalex.org/W1873103587","https://openalex.org/W2097964783","https://openalex.org/W2532810734","https://openalex.org/W2098499018","https://openalex.org/W2947996409","https://openalex.org/W4380451819","https://openalex.org/W141558354","https://openalex.org/W2566139880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,129],"this":[1,45],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,114],"propose":[4],"an":[5,30,123],"interference":[6,119],"detection":[7,36],"and":[8,38,69,82,97,99,136],"classification":[9,41],"(IDC)":[10],"algorithm":[11,32,147],"for":[12],"low":[13],"probability":[14],"of":[15,51,103,131],"intercept/detection":[16],"(LPI/LPD)":[17],"radar":[18,23,59],"communications.":[19],"Specifically,":[20],"considering":[21],"LPI/LPD":[22],"systems":[24],"with":[25,122],"frequency-modulated":[26],"continuous-wave":[27],"(FMCW)":[28],"waveforms,":[29],"IDC":[31,91,112],"based":[33],"on":[34],"anomaly":[35],"(AD)":[37],"multi-class":[39],"signal":[40,54,60,77,106,120],"is":[42,55,78,92],"proposed":[43,111,146],"in":[44,80],"paper.":[46],"First,":[47],"a":[48,63,66],"mathematical":[49],"model":[50],"the":[52,58,75,90,95,104,110,145],"received":[53,76,105],"constructed,":[56],"when":[57],"reflected":[61],"by":[62],"target":[64],"interferes":[65],"Gaussian":[67],"jammer":[68],"illegitimate":[70],"in-band":[71],"FMCW":[72],"waveform.":[73],"Next,":[74],"represented":[79],"time":[81],"frequency":[83],"domains":[84],"using":[85,94],"time-frequency":[86],"distribution":[87],"(TFD).":[88],"Then,":[89],"trained":[93],"TFD":[96],"In-phase":[98],"Quadrature":[100],"(I/Q)":[101],"representations":[102],"as":[107],"features.":[108],"Using":[109],"algorithm,":[113],"can":[115],"classify":[116],"four":[117],"distinct":[118],"types":[121],"accuracy":[124],"greater":[125],"than":[126],"97":[127],"%.":[128],"terms":[130],"true":[132],"positive":[133,138],"ratio":[134,139],"(TPR)":[135],"false":[137],"(FPR),":[140],"simulation":[141],"results":[142],"demonstrate":[143],"that":[144],"outperforms":[148],"other":[149],"existing":[150],"algorithms.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}