{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1986599515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","title":"A high-assurance, virtual guard architecture","display_name":"A high-assurance, virtual guard architecture","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1986599515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","mag":"1986599515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Military Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083901729","display_name":"Mark Heckman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark R. Heckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005772448","display_name":"Roger R. Schell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5331-1780"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roger R. Schell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013670336","display_name":"Edwards E. Reed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwards E. Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aesec Global Services, Palo Alto, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83049507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6886109113693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.60707688331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.574704110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.5209949612617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5190794467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5148186087608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subversion","display_name":"Subversion","score":0.49148356914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-assurance","display_name":"Information assurance","score":0.4631336033344269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4484972655773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.4133097231388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4100167155265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.369024395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2823917269706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.23658806085586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07862195372581482}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6886109113693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.60707688331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.574704110622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.5209949612617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5190794467926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5148186087608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060330","display_name":"Subversion","level":3,"score":0.49148356914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030997","display_name":"Information assurance","level":3,"score":0.4631336033344269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4484972655773163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.4133097231388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4100167155265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.369024395942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2823917269706726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.23658806085586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07862195372581482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/milcom.2012.6415677","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MILCOM 2012 - 2012 IEEE Military Communications Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259806200","https://openalex.org/W1510018112","https://openalex.org/W1946211190","https://openalex.org/W1991895580","https://openalex.org/W2007999111","https://openalex.org/W2027418104","https://openalex.org/W2069436777","https://openalex.org/W2098592421","https://openalex.org/W2110617993","https://openalex.org/W2125355672","https://openalex.org/W2134296086","https://openalex.org/W2140618551","https://openalex.org/W2152353077","https://openalex.org/W2170267084","https://openalex.org/W2340224178","https://openalex.org/W6609663884","https://openalex.org/W6630678208","https://openalex.org/W6680035254"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982445252","https://openalex.org/W3089771613","https://openalex.org/W4247478651","https://openalex.org/W2756056980","https://openalex.org/W2392564020","https://openalex.org/W2378209145","https://openalex.org/W4239407877","https://openalex.org/W2779721709","https://openalex.org/W4243130055","https://openalex.org/W2351051447"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"one":[1],"senior":[2],"security":[3,19],"professional":[4],"has":[5,37],"emphasized":[6],"that":[7,70],"\u201cit":[8],"is":[9,34],"unconscionable":[10],"to":[11,50,83,92,124,136],"use":[12,142],"overly":[13],"weak":[14],"components\u201d":[15],"in":[16],"a":[17,38,66,88],"multilevel":[18],"(MLS)":[20],"context,":[21],"the":[22,54,59,122,129],"majority":[23],"of":[24,56,61,143],"current":[25],"transfer":[26,99,118],"guards":[27,43],"do":[28],"exactly":[29],"that.":[30],"Basic":[31],"guard":[32,68,90,131],"technology":[33,74],"well-developed":[35],"and":[36,53,77,94,120,140],"long":[39],"history,":[40],"but":[41],"most":[42],"are":[44],"built":[45],"on":[46],"low-assurance":[47],"systems":[48],"vulnerable":[49],"software":[51,113],"subversion,":[52,114],"lack":[55],"assurance":[57],"limits":[58],"range":[60],"transfers.":[62],"This":[63],"paper":[64],"describes":[65],"virtual":[67],"architecture":[69,86,110],"leverages":[71],"mature":[72],"MLS":[73],"previously":[75],"certified":[76],"deployed":[78],"across":[79],"domains":[80],"from":[81],"TS/SCI":[82],"Unclassified.":[84],"The":[85],"permits":[87],"single":[89],"system":[91],"simultaneously":[93],"securely":[95],"support":[96,115],"many":[97,102],"different":[98,103],"functions":[100],"between":[101],"domain":[104],"pairs.":[105],"Not":[106],"only":[107],"does":[108],"this":[109],"substantially":[111],"address":[112],"adaptable":[116],"information":[117],"policies,":[119],"have":[121],"potential":[123],"dramatically":[125],"reduce":[126],"(re)certification":[127],"effort,":[128],"virtualized":[130],"execution":[132],"environment":[133],"also":[134],"promises":[135],"significantly":[137],"enhance":[138],"efficient":[139],"scalable":[141],"resources.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}