{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4308083836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029","title":"Morpheus: Extending the Last Level Cache Capacity in GPU Systems Using Idle GPU Core Resources","display_name":"Morpheus: Extending the Last Level Cache Capacity in GPU Systems Using Idle GPU Core Resources","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4308083836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 55th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072312467","display_name":"Sina Darabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7082-123X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sina Darabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008240365","display_name":"Mohammad Sadrosadati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4029-0175"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Sadrosadati","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067862523","display_name":"Negar Akbarzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8040-4317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Negar Akbarzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042072020","display_name":"Jo\u00ebl Lindegger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2581-8637"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Lindegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002776249","display_name":"Mohammad Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-9234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010929521","display_name":"Jisung Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-9003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799891827","display_name":"Korea Post","ror":"https://ror.org/00p45d091","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jisung Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich","POSTECH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"POSTECH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799891827","https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044416322","display_name":"Juan G\u00f3mez-Luna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-1571"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Gomez-Luna","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050695684","display_name":"Onur Mutlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-2312"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Mutlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Zürich"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Zürich","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040238844","display_name":"Hamid Sarbazi\u2010Azad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-8603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamid Sarbazi-Azad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sharif University of Technology","Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sharif University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072312467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95509687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"228","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8294395208358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.6236224174499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.6086056232452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-purpose-computing-on-graphics-processing-units","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","score":0.5219202041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4724994897842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuda","display_name":"CUDA","score":0.46534642577171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-bandwidth","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","score":0.45144954323768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-pollution","display_name":"Cache pollution","score":0.42021802067756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3662078380584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-cache","display_name":"CPU cache","score":0.3506912589073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3418691158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.2989586591720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2944980561733246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache-algorithms","display_name":"Cache algorithms","score":0.1973176896572113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8294395208358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.6236224174499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.6086056232452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50630238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q971505","display_name":"General-purpose computing on graphics processing units","level":3,"score":0.5219202041625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4724994897842407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778119891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477690","display_name":"CUDA","level":2,"score":0.46534642577171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188045654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148339","display_name":"Memory bandwidth","level":2,"score":0.45144954323768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113166858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5015981","display_name":"Cache pollution","level":5,"score":0.42021802067756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3662078380584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189783530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352090","display_name":"CPU cache","level":3,"score":0.3506912589073181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3418691158294678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.2989586591720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2944980561733246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38556500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404475","display_name":"Cache algorithms","level":4,"score":0.1973176896572113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro56248.2022.00029","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 55th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture (MICRO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":135,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968775993","https://openalex.org/W1979527452","https://openalex.org/W1980419087","https://openalex.org/W1982643312","https://openalex.org/W1982996921","https://openalex.org/W1989061323","https://openalex.org/W2018384083","https://openalex.org/W2020572638","https://openalex.org/W2021211271","https://openalex.org/W2027806965","https://openalex.org/W2047060659","https://openalex.org/W2048441570","https://openalex.org/W2049875313","https://openalex.org/W2050338279","https://openalex.org/W2062527253","https://openalex.org/W2063731364","https://openalex.org/W2066985990","https://openalex.org/W2067441262","https://openalex.org/W2079248286","https://openalex.org/W2080592089","https://openalex.org/W2082000934","https://openalex.org/W2084110734","https://openalex.org/W2085434892","https://openalex.org/W2090584832","https://openalex.org/W2091599698","https://openalex.org/W2096661534","https://openalex.org/W2098290747","https://openalex.org/W2098505406","https://openalex.org/W2099912705","https://openalex.org/W2109432325","https://openalex.org/W2111096793","https://openalex.org/W2111905231","https://openalex.org/W2116172862","https://openalex.org/W2118518065","https://openalex.org/W2123608323","https://openalex.org/W2123608497","https://openalex.org/W2123845384","https://openalex.org/W2126605567","https://openalex.org/W2130820665","https://openalex.org/W2131175011","https://openalex.org/W2131498141","https://openalex.org/W2133197087","https://openalex.org/W2142119745","https://openalex.org/W2146173591","https://openalex.org/W2150851481","https://openalex.org/W2151233837","https://openalex.org/W2153826642","https://openalex.org/W2157740020","https://openalex.org/W2161364792","https://openalex.org/W2162752393","https://openalex.org/W2169275978","https://openalex.org/W2232645663","https://openalex.org/W2243416539","https://openalex.org/W2269611829","https://openalex.org/W2273440736","https://openalex.org/W2296864832","https://openalex.org/W2401855529","https://openalex.org/W2412101011","https://openalex.org/W2464177207","https://openalex.org/W2470243357","https://openalex.org/W2510980549","https://openalex.org/W2511318867","https://openalex.org/W2521480511","https://openalex.org/W2521924282","https://openalex.org/W2535198237","https://openalex.org/W2536535850","https://openalex.org/W2553243469","https://openalex.org/W2566040696","https://openalex.org/W2605178034","https://openalex.org/W2612695082","https://openalex.org/W2613509467","https://openalex.org/W2626312854","https://openalex.org/W2725681020","https://openalex.org/W2756276247","https://openalex.org/W2789977517","https://openalex.org/W2791186466","https://openalex.org/W2794729807","https://openalex.org/W2795326697","https://openalex.org/W2832836391","https://openalex.org/W2884108789","https://openalex.org/W2904283553","https://openalex.org/W2910737925","https://openalex.org/W2913561863","https://openalex.org/W2914189350","https://openalex.org/W2920798074","https://openalex.org/W2950810196","https://openalex.org/W2950969115","https://openalex.org/W2971710145","https://openalex.org/W2998957070","https://openalex.org/W3012004956","https://openalex.org/W3036804133","https://openalex.org/W3043443960","https://openalex.org/W3099807387","https://openalex.org/W3102510044","https://openalex.org/W3117273852","https://openalex.org/W3130554079","https://openalex.org/W3137551601","https://openalex.org/W3159607817","https://openalex.org/W3176045042","https://openalex.org/W3206857466","https://openalex.org/W4213435190","https://openalex.org/W4234492514","https://openalex.org/W4236713805","https://openalex.org/W4240535691","https://openalex.org/W4242327143","https://openalex.org/W4245851057","https://openalex.org/W4246178214","https://openalex.org/W4253306330","https://openalex.org/W4281913322","https://openalex.org/W6602309031","https://openalex.org/W6647313123","https://openalex.org/W6655984874","https://openalex.org/W6662225327","https://openalex.org/W6670442095","https://openalex.org/W6671273405","https://openalex.org/W6673062827","https://openalex.org/W6674732022","https://openalex.org/W6676507719","https://openalex.org/W6679359031","https://openalex.org/W6680450884","https://openalex.org/W6684557965","https://openalex.org/W6684564317","https://openalex.org/W6689689995","https://openalex.org/W6693741940","https://openalex.org/W6694513646","https://openalex.org/W6719768283","https://openalex.org/W6730246616","https://openalex.org/W6730767638","https://openalex.org/W6750130475","https://openalex.org/W6757016849","https://openalex.org/W6758582074","https://openalex.org/W6760272376","https://openalex.org/W6785316118","https://openalex.org/W6798352223","https://openalex.org/W6802698652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963859303","https://openalex.org/W2364044215","https://openalex.org/W2389600408","https://openalex.org/W240129890","https://openalex.org/W3048701459","https://openalex.org/W2149078538","https://openalex.org/W2080146221","https://openalex.org/W2546223573","https://openalex.org/W2370314112","https://openalex.org/W1912958759"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Graphics":[0],"Processing":[1],"Units":[2],"(GPUs)":[3],"are":[4],"widely-used":[5],"accelerators":[6],"for":[7,53,127,160],"data-parallel":[8],"applications.":[9,81],"In":[10,64,102],"many":[11,26],"GPU":[12,14,22,40,51,96,105,171,209,230],"applications,":[13],"memory":[15,256],"bandwidth":[16],"bottlenecks":[17],"performance,":[18],"causing":[19],"underutilization":[20],"of":[21,33,79,85,206,214,228],"cores.":[23],"Hence,":[24],"disabling":[25],"cores":[27,41,52,129],"does":[28],"not":[29],"affect":[30],"the":[31,60,77,95,128,141,157,170,179,186,191,201,244],"performance":[32,78,202,224],"memory-bound":[34,80,163,221],"workloads.":[35,222],"While":[36],"simply":[37],"power-gating":[38],"unused":[39,90],"would":[42],"save":[43],"energy,":[44],"prior":[45],"works":[46],"attempt":[47],"to":[48,75,88,93,169,173,177,242,247],"better":[49],"utilize":[50],"other":[54],"applications":[55],"(ideally":[56],"compute-bound),":[57],"which":[58],"increases":[59],"GPU\u2019s":[61],"total":[62],"throughput.":[63],"this":[65],"paper,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"Morpheus,":[69,103],"a":[70,135,153,161,167,207,229,234,248],"new":[71],"hardware/software":[72],"co-designed":[73],"technique":[74],"boost":[76],"The":[82],"key":[83],"idea":[84],"Morpheus":[86,133,165,199,238],"is":[87,225],"exploit":[89],"core":[91,106],"resources":[92,257],"extend":[94],"last":[97],"level":[98],"cache":[99,114,131,260],"(LLC)":[100],"capacity.":[101,261],"each":[104],"has":[107,233],"two":[108],"execution":[109],"modes:":[110],"compute":[111,118],"mode":[112,119],"and":[113,122,150,203,216],"mode.":[115],"Cores":[116],"in":[117,130,152],"operate":[120],"conventionally":[121],"run":[123],"application":[124],"threads.":[125],"However,":[126],"mode,":[132],"invokes":[134],"software":[136],"helper":[137,192],"kernel":[138],"that":[139,155,198,232],"uses":[140],"cores\u2019":[142,254],"on-chip":[143,255],"memories":[144],"(i.e.,":[145],"register":[146],"file,":[147],"shared":[148],"memory,":[149],"L1)":[151],"way":[154],"extends":[156],"LLC":[158,175,181,188,250],"capacity":[159],"running":[162],"workload.":[164],"adds":[166],"controller":[168],"hardware":[172,245],"forward":[174],"requests":[176],"either":[178],"conventional":[180,236,249],"(managed":[182,189],"by":[183,190,211,251],"hardware)":[184],"or":[185],"extended":[187],"kernel).":[193],"Our":[194],"experimental":[195],"results":[196],"show":[197],"improves":[200],"energy":[204],"efficiency":[205],"baseline":[208],"architecture":[210],"an":[212],"average":[213],"39%":[215],"58%,":[217],"respectively,":[218],"across":[219],"several":[220],"Morpheus\u2019":[223],"within":[226],"3%":[227],"design":[231],"quadruple-sized":[235],"LLC.":[237],"can":[239],"thus":[240],"contribute":[241],"reducing":[243],"dedicated":[246],"exploiting":[252],"idle":[253],"as":[258],"additional":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}