{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4243627498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro.2003.1253209","title":"Fast secure processor for inhibiting software piracy and tampering","display_name":"Fast secure processor for inhibiting software piracy and tampering","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4243627498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro.2003.1253209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/micro.2003.1253209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro.2003.1253209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 36th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, 2003. MICRO-36.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030384645","display_name":"Jun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California","Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026996875","display_name":"Youtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-8743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182980787","display_name":"University of Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v3ak792","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas, Dallas","Computer Science Department, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas, Dallas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182980787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Texas, Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688579","display_name":"Lan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5637-9417"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803209242","display_name":"University of California System","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California","Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803209242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94027565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"351","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.807339072227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6852624416351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5115600228309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4927556812763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.4714466333389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45509573817253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-the-fly-encryption","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","score":0.4307515025138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.42001381516456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3891136944293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3658750057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33803486824035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.284393310546875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.807339072227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6852624416351318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5115600228309631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4927556812763214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.4714466333389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45509573817253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147977885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117010","display_name":"On-the-fly encryption","level":3,"score":0.4307515025138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.42001381516456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3891136944293976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3658750057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33803486824035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.284393310546875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/micro.2003.1253209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/micro.2003.1253209","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. 36th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture, 2003. MICRO-36.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555250994","https://openalex.org/W1593760450","https://openalex.org/W2032094184","https://openalex.org/W2032740007","https://openalex.org/W2035309195","https://openalex.org/W2108255910","https://openalex.org/W2134623309","https://openalex.org/W2140972824","https://openalex.org/W2146567535","https://openalex.org/W2146826599","https://openalex.org/W2148228853","https://openalex.org/W2150010995","https://openalex.org/W2160773001","https://openalex.org/W2163769417","https://openalex.org/W4244570301","https://openalex.org/W4244981065","https://openalex.org/W6633219916","https://openalex.org/W6681871932","https://openalex.org/W6838336854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915067502","https://openalex.org/W2624912447","https://openalex.org/W3206362444","https://openalex.org/W4315815885","https://openalex.org/W1484220609","https://openalex.org/W4205100462","https://openalex.org/W3196235507","https://openalex.org/W3214308179","https://openalex.org/W2379631527","https://openalex.org/W4361205702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,14,36,49,143,153,180],"the":[2,30,76,86,105,110,129,136,155,182,193,197],"widespread":[3],"software":[4,55],"piracy":[5],"and":[6,52,67,78,99,157,187],"virus":[7],"attacks,":[8],"significant":[9],"efforts":[10],"have":[11],"been":[12,47],"made":[13],"improve":[15],"security":[16,37],"for":[17],"computer":[18],"systems.":[19],"For":[20],"stand-alone":[21],"computers,":[22],"a":[23,108,115,145],"key":[24],"observation":[25],"is":[26,34,91,132],"that":[27],"other":[28],"than":[29],"processor,":[31],"any":[32],"component":[33],"vulnerable":[35],"attacks.":[38],"Recently,":[39],"an":[40,124],"execution":[41,194],"only":[42],"memory":[43,137,172],"(XOM)":[44],"architecture":[45,199],"has":[46],"proposed":[48],"support":[50],"copy":[51],"tamper":[53],"resistant":[54],"by":[56,104,200],"D.":[57,62],"Lie":[58,63],"et":[59,64,70],"al.":[60,65,71],"(2000),":[61],"(2003)":[66],"T.":[68],"Gilmont":[69],"(1999).":[72],"In":[73,119],"this":[74,120],"design,":[75],"program":[77],"data":[79,158],"are":[80,95,102,167],"stored":[81],"in":[82,127,169],"encrypted":[83],"format":[84],"outside":[85],"CPU":[87],"boundary.":[88],"The":[89],"decryption":[90],"carried":[92,168],"after":[93],"they":[94,101],"fetched":[96],"from":[97,135],"memory,":[98],"before":[100],"used":[103],"CPU.":[106],"As":[107],"result,":[109],"lengthened":[111],"critical":[112,139],"path":[113],"causes":[114],"serious":[116],"performance":[117,175,188],"degradation.":[118],"paper,":[121],"we":[122],"present":[123],"innovative":[125],"technique":[126,191],"which":[128],"cryptography":[130,165],"computation":[131],"shifted":[133],"off":[134],"access":[138],"path.":[140],"We":[141,177],"propose":[142],"use":[144],"different":[146],"encryption":[147],"scheme,":[148],"namely":[149],"\"one-time":[150],"pad\"":[151],"encryption,":[152],"produce":[154],"instructions":[156],"ciphertext.":[159],"With":[160],"some":[161],"additional":[162],"on-chip":[163],"storage,":[164],"computations":[166],"parallel":[170],"with":[171],"accesses,":[173],"minimizing":[174],"penalty.":[176,189],"performed":[178],"experiments":[179],"study":[181],"trade-off":[183],"between":[184],"storage":[185],"size":[186],"Our":[190],"improves":[192],"speed":[195],"of":[196],"XOM":[198],"34%":[201],"at":[202],"maximum.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}