{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154717012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2026.3684338","title":"Strengthening Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Against Mass-Scale Cyberthreats","display_name":"Strengthening Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Against Mass-Scale Cyberthreats","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154717012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2026.3684338"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2026.3684338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2026.3684338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011086368","display_name":"Neetesh Saxena","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-0807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neetesh Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6437-0807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133896000","display_name":"Samuel Ashman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Ashman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058692326","display_name":"Liana Cipcigan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liana M. Cipcigan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-3334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126214164","display_name":"Omer Rana","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer F. Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2646","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38983168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"39","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.08579999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.08510000258684158,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.03739999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"Cyber threats","score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.30140000581741333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5134000182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018725008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4071928","display_name":"Cyber threats","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2026.3684338","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2026.3684338","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.505107045173645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3672700299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IND/CONT/G/23","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","funder_display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3895198891","display_name":"National Edge AI Hub for Real Data: Edge Intelligence for Cyber-disturbances and Data Quality","funder_award_id":"EP/Y028813/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6300315578","display_name":"Global Centers Track 1: CLEETS - CLean Energy and Equitable Transportation Solutions","funder_award_id":"EP/Y026233/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/037dz3r63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rapid":[1],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,14],"Electric":[4],"Vehicles":[5],"(EVs)":[6],"has":[7],"made":[8],"charging":[9,18,44,80],"stations":[10],"a":[11,75],"critical":[12],"component":[13],"the":[15,26],"overall":[16],"EV":[17,43,79],"infrastructure,":[19,45],"but":[20],"their":[21,83],"increasing":[22],"complexity":[23],"also":[24],"extends":[25],"attack":[27],"surface,":[28],"leaving":[29],"them":[30],"vulnerable":[31],"to":[32,77],"exploitation.":[33],"This":[34],"article":[35],"identifies":[36],"key":[37],"security":[38],"issues":[39],"and":[40,57,61,71,82],"challenges":[41],"facing":[42],"especially":[46],"against":[47,85],"mass":[48],"scale":[49],"cyber":[50,87],"threats,":[51],"explores":[52],"gaps":[53],"within":[54],"existing":[55],"solutions,":[56],"proposes":[58],"an":[59],"architecture":[60],"recommendations":[62,70],"based":[63],"on":[64],"identified":[65],"gaps.":[66],"By":[67],"offering":[68],"targeted":[69],"insights,":[72],"we":[73],"provide":[74],"guideline":[76],"strengthen":[78],"systems":[81],"infrastructure":[84],"emerging":[86],"threats.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T05:54:29.318815","created_date":"2026-04-18T00:00:00"}