{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391341549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2024.3359773","title":"Enabling 6G and Beyond Network Functions From Space: Challenges and Opportunities","display_name":"Enabling 6G and Beyond Network Functions From Space: Challenges and Opportunities","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391341549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2024.3359773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2024.3359773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2024.3359773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399710","display_name":"Lixin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1043-4765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1043-4765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100745753","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0815-8739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0815-8739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101497980","display_name":"Yuanjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5931-3894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5931-3894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011803365","display_name":"Hewu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hewu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-6542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace, Tsinghua University and Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.3168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96953163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"8","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6381434202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4736279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.32400017976760864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6381434202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4736279845237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.32400017976760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2024.3359773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2024.3359773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G636126556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202261","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2109495845","https://openalex.org/W2763776149","https://openalex.org/W3046918521","https://openalex.org/W3214256678","https://openalex.org/W4284670011","https://openalex.org/W4290990920","https://openalex.org/W4290991450","https://openalex.org/W4383754196","https://openalex.org/W4401161067","https://openalex.org/W4402264281"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cellular":[0],"networks":[1],"from":[2,87,96],"space,":[3],"powered":[4],"by":[5],"recent":[6],"technological":[7],"advances":[8],"in":[9,65],"satellite":[10,119],"mega-constellations,":[11],"promise":[12],"to":[13,18,33,52,78,100,125],"expand":[14],"operators\u2019":[15],"service":[16],"areas":[17],"anywhere":[19],"on":[20],"Earth":[21],"for":[22,83,139],"commercial":[23],"revenues":[24],"and":[25,57,75,85,133,143],"social":[26],"goods.":[27],"While":[28],"existing":[29],"5G":[30],"has":[31],"attempted":[32],"support":[34],"satellites":[35,138],"via":[36],"its":[37,42],"non-terrestrial":[38],"network":[39,46],"(NTN)":[40],"enhancements,":[41],"hop-by-hop":[43,98],"stateful":[44],"session-based":[45,99],"architecture":[47],"impedes":[48],"this":[49,80,108],"progress":[50],"due":[51],"various":[53],"functionality,":[54],"scalability,":[55],"reliability,":[56],"security":[58],"concerns":[59],"under":[60,117],"the":[61,66,97,113],"mega-constellation\u2019s":[62],"extreme":[63,118],"mobility":[64],"harsh":[67],"outer":[68],"space.":[69,88],"This":[70],"article":[71],"investigates":[72],"these":[73],"issues":[74],"explores":[76],"how":[77,107],"remove":[79],"architectural":[81],"barrier":[82],"6G":[84],"beyond":[86],"We":[89,105],"propose":[90],"a":[91],"user-centric":[92],"design":[93],"that":[94],"shifts":[95],"stateless":[101,127],"on-demand":[102],"cellular":[103,114,123],"service.":[104],"discuss":[106],"paradigm":[109],"shift":[110],"can":[111],"stabilize":[112],"function":[115],"inter-networking":[116],"mobility,":[120],"refactor":[121],"in-orbit":[122],"functions":[124],"be":[126],"with":[128],"local":[129],"user":[130],"equipment\u2019s":[131],"assistance,":[132],"foster":[134],"efficient":[135],"use":[136],"of":[137],"low":[140],"capital":[141],"costs":[142],"large-scale":[144],"deployments.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}