{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283732345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3133552","title":"OTA-TinyML: Over the Air Deployment of TinyML Models and Execution on IoT Devices","display_name":"OTA-TinyML: Over the Air Deployment of TinyML Models and Execution on IoT Devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283732345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3133552"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3133552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3133552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072224562","display_name":"Bharath Sudharsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-113X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bharath Sudharsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090996360","display_name":"John G. Breslin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-050X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John G. Breslin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043463709","display_name":"Mehreen Tahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4479-3447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehreen Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["SFI Center for Research Training, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SFI Center for Research Training, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076597206","display_name":"Muhammad Intizar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-2131"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","display_name":"Dublin City University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1a1e81","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Intizar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, 9 Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021973291","display_name":"Omer Rana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3597-2646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Rana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004847496","display_name":"Schahram Dustdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-8821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Schahram Dustdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072670483","display_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6610-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Ranjan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072224562"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91305539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":"69","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8363101482391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firmware","display_name":"Firmware","score":0.8129623532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7102765440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.560814380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5325796604156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.47895652055740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.46553292870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3799259662628174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8363101482391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67212190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104851","display_name":"Firmware","level":2,"score":0.8129623532295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7102765440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.560814380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5325796604156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.47895652055740356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.46553292870521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3799259662628174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3133552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3133552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:150971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:http://orca-dev.cardiff.ac.uk:150971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150971/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2580158740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/16/RC/3918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2632164605","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFI/12/RC/2289_P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2947506247","https://openalex.org/W2971517425","https://openalex.org/W3175543365","https://openalex.org/W3212644621"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2582981600","https://openalex.org/W4389238932","https://openalex.org/W4387467152","https://openalex.org/W4212885212","https://openalex.org/W4379115910","https://openalex.org/W3010413952","https://openalex.org/W4253989935","https://openalex.org/W2810560948","https://openalex.org/W1973637778","https://openalex.org/W1535498519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,81],"novel":[4],"over-the-air":[5],"(OTA)":[6],"technique":[7],"to":[8,55,60],"remotely":[9],"deploy":[10],"tiny":[11],"ML":[12,41,78,102],"models":[13,79],"over":[14,43],"Internet":[15],"of":[16,67,77,98,101,109],"Things":[17],"(IoT)":[18],"devices":[19,59,88],"and":[20,49,65,114],"perform":[21,61],"tasks,":[22],"such":[23],"as":[24],"machine":[25],"learning":[26],"(ML)":[27],"model":[28],"updates,":[29],"firmware":[30],"reflashing,":[31],"reconfiguration,":[32],"or":[33],"repurposing.":[34],"We":[35,52],"discuss":[36],"relevant":[37],"challenges":[38],"for":[39],"OTA":[40],"deployment":[42],"IoT":[44,58,87],"both":[45],"at":[46],"the":[47,73,85],"scientific":[48],"engineering":[50],"level.":[51],"propose":[53],"OTA-TinyML":[54,71,91],"enable":[56],"resource-constrained":[57],"end-to-end":[62],"fetching,":[63],"storage,":[64],"execution":[66],"many":[68],"TinyML":[69],"models.":[70],"loads":[72],"C":[74],"source":[75],"file":[76],"from":[80],"web":[82],"server":[83],"into":[84],"embedded":[86],"via":[89],"HTTPS.":[90],"is":[92],"tested":[93],"by":[94],"performing":[95],"remote":[96],"fetching":[97],"six":[99],"types":[100,108],"models,":[103],"storing":[104],"them":[105],"on":[106,116],"four":[107],"memory":[110],"units,":[111],"then":[112],"loading":[113],"executing":[115],"seven":[117],"popular":[118],"MCU":[119],"boards.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}