{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206123650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","title":"Quantum Information Science","display_name":"Quantum Information Science","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206123650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3132591"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4236/9705638/09635678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4236/9705638/09635678.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076126160","display_name":"Melanie Swan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-4923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melanie Swan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7739-4923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030489070","display_name":"F. M. C. Witte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-4433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Witte","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068467320","display_name":"Renato P. dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51882195","display_name":"Universidade Luterana do Brasil","ror":"https://ror.org/00kde4z41","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51882195"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renato P. dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1427-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lutheran University of Brazil, Canoas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51882195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076126160"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90772942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.6724600791931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.6091431975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-technology","display_name":"Quantum technology","score":0.607725203037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5995043516159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-quantum-system","display_name":"Open quantum system","score":0.5619819164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5515940189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-entanglement","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","score":0.5508782267570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithm","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","score":0.5318825840950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information-science","display_name":"Quantum information science","score":0.5053353905677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-error-correction","display_name":"Quantum error correction","score":0.4762949049472809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.4451432228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-teleportation","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","score":0.44074711203575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-channel","display_name":"Quantum channel","score":0.43864500522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-nanoscience","display_name":"Quantum nanoscience","score":0.4253075420856476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4236510694026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","score":0.4192526936531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.37781772017478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.36805784702301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30159643292427063}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.6724600791931152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.6091431975364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190463098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081419","display_name":"Quantum technology","level":4,"score":0.607725203037262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5995043516159058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190474826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2495111","display_name":"Open quantum system","level":3,"score":0.5619819164276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5515940189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.5508782267570496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5318825840950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5320026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122216","display_name":"Quantum information science","level":4,"score":0.5053353905677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.4762949049472809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.4451432228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91717678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1135332","display_name":"Quantum teleportation","level":5,"score":0.44074711203575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.43864500522613525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71191651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4218491","display_name":"Quantum nanoscience","level":5,"score":0.4253075420856476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4236510694026947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.4192526936531067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.37781772017478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.36805784702301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30159643292427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4236/9705638/09635678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:directory.doabooks.org:20.500.12854/146514","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/books/1003413","pdf_url":"https://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/1174467","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400539","display_name":"Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10140412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10140412/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10140412/1/Witte_Quantum_Information_Science.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Internet Computing     p. 1.   (2021)      ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3132591","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/4236/9705638/09635678.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6899999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206123650.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206123650.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2282168229","https://openalex.org/W2396770278","https://openalex.org/W2771527763","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2943869291","https://openalex.org/W2967092875","https://openalex.org/W2985502600","https://openalex.org/W3008301221","https://openalex.org/W3092923133","https://openalex.org/W3099488273","https://openalex.org/W3101552717","https://openalex.org/W3102193956","https://openalex.org/W3114504223","https://openalex.org/W3125745267","https://openalex.org/W4248517410","https://openalex.org/W4287724305","https://openalex.org/W4319451734","https://openalex.org/W6712172391","https://openalex.org/W6770068284","https://openalex.org/W6780583830","https://openalex.org/W6784227514","https://openalex.org/W6789672359","https://openalex.org/W6797484244"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285497362","https://openalex.org/W3009823477","https://openalex.org/W2497191575","https://openalex.org/W2888946286","https://openalex.org/W2328353860","https://openalex.org/W4226269638","https://openalex.org/W4206267032","https://openalex.org/W4244320044","https://openalex.org/W2394248480","https://openalex.org/W2179665947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0,43,58],"computing":[1],"is":[2,46],"implicated":[3],"as":[4],"a":[5,47],"next-generation":[6],"solution":[7],"to":[8],"supplement":[9],"traditional":[10],"von":[11],"Neumann":[12],"architectures":[13],"in":[14,32,102],"an":[15],"era":[16],"of":[17,34,65],"post-Moore's":[18],"law":[19],"computing.":[20],"As":[21],"classical":[22],"computational":[23],"infrastructure":[24],"becomes":[25],"more":[26],"limited,":[27],"quantum":[28,80,85,103,105,108,110,112,115],"platforms":[29],"offer":[30],"expandability":[31],"terms":[33],"scale,":[35],"energy":[36],"consumption,":[37],"and":[38,56,67,79,82,93,114],"native":[39],"3-D":[40],"problem":[41],"modeling.":[42],"information":[44],"science":[45],"multidisciplinary":[48],"field":[49],"drawing":[50],"from":[51],"physics,":[52],"mathematics,":[53],"computer":[54],"science,":[55],"photonics.":[57],"systems":[59],"are":[60],"expressed":[61],"with":[62,71,87],"the":[63],"properties":[64],"superposition":[66],"entanglement,":[68],"evolved":[69],"indirectly":[70],"operators":[72],"(ladder":[73],"operators,":[74,78],"master":[75],"equations,":[76],"neural":[77],"walks),":[81],"transmitted":[83],"(via":[84],"teleportation)":[86],"entanglement":[88],"generation,":[89],"operator":[90],"size":[91],"manipulation,":[92],"error":[94,116],"correction":[95],"protocols.":[96],"This":[97],"article":[98],"discusses":[99],"emerging":[100],"applications":[101],"cryptography,":[104],"machine":[106],"learning,":[107],"finance,":[109],"neuroscience,":[111],"networks,":[113],"correction.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}