{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216049801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","title":"Adversarial Machine Learning for Protecting Against Online Manipulation","display_name":"Adversarial Machine Learning for Protecting Against Online Manipulation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216049801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","mag":"3216049801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056754015","display_name":"Stefano Cresci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-2445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Cresci","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-2445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056689083","display_name":"Marinella Petrocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130157","display_name":"Institute of Informatics and Telematics","ror":"https://ror.org/02gdcn153","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marinella Petrocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0591-877X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IIT-CNR, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066856623","display_name":"Angelo Spognardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-0701"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Spognardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sapienza Universit&#x00E0; di Roma, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6935-0701","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza Universit&#x00E0; di Roma, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019358722","display_name":"Stefano Tognazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-2426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189712700","display_name":"University of Konstanz","ror":"https://ror.org/0546hnb39","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Tognazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Konstanz University, Konstanz, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Konstanz University, Konstanz, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189712700"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056754015"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130157"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58156266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"47","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.9407923221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6915166974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.586219847202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5828855037689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5739892721176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5581717491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.49116894602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46820810437202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4313303828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40756434202194214}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.9407923221588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6915166974067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.586219847202301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5828855037689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5739892721176147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5581717491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.49116894602775574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46820810437202454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4313303828239441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40756434202194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3130380","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.12034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12034","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3216049801","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12034.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2111.12034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2111.12034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2111.12034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2111.12034","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2111.12034","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216049801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3216049801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998871422","https://openalex.org/W2573614998","https://openalex.org/W2710240177","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2900681641","https://openalex.org/W2905526464","https://openalex.org/W2951307134","https://openalex.org/W2962783931","https://openalex.org/W2963012544","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963523189","https://openalex.org/W2963859254","https://openalex.org/W2971008823","https://openalex.org/W2982557400","https://openalex.org/W3001172084","https://openalex.org/W3006859404","https://openalex.org/W3007264885","https://openalex.org/W3041367927","https://openalex.org/W3041412367","https://openalex.org/W3081199443","https://openalex.org/W3095551580","https://openalex.org/W3098903812","https://openalex.org/W3103450291","https://openalex.org/W3121309663","https://openalex.org/W3125928061","https://openalex.org/W3127569499","https://openalex.org/W3195126378","https://openalex.org/W4234488844","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4289253852","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6685053522","https://openalex.org/W6751839145","https://openalex.org/W6763240421","https://openalex.org/W6778883912","https://openalex.org/W6785081744"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0],"examples":[1,50],"are":[2],"inputs":[3],"to":[4,81],"a":[5,37,44,56],"machine":[6],"learning":[7,84],"system":[8],"that":[9,16],"result":[10],"in":[11,31,61],"an":[12,69],"incorrect":[13],"output":[14],"from":[15],"system.":[17],"Attacks":[18],"launched":[19],"through":[20],"this":[21],"type":[22],"of":[23,34,58,71,87],"input":[24],"can":[25,40,74],"cause":[26],"severe":[27],"consequences:":[28],"for":[29,55,90],"example,":[30],"the":[32,53],"field":[33],"image":[35],"recognition,":[36],"stop":[38],"signal":[39],"be":[41,75],"misclassified":[42],"as":[43,78],"speed":[45],"limit":[46],"indication.":[47],"However,":[48],"adversarial":[49],"also":[51],"represent":[52],"fuel":[54],"flurry":[57],"research":[59],"directions":[60],"different":[62],"domains":[63],"and":[64,96],"applications.":[65],"Here,":[66],"we":[67],"give":[68],"overview":[70],"how":[72],"they":[73],"profitably":[76],"exploited":[77],"powerful":[79],"tools":[80],"build":[82],"stronger":[83],"models,":[85],"capable":[86],"better-withstanding":[88],"attacks,":[89],"two":[91],"crucial":[92],"tasks:":[93],"fake":[94],"news":[95],"social":[97],"bot":[98],"detection.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
