{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188084608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","title":"Knowledge-Intensive Language Understanding for Explainable AI","display_name":"Knowledge-Intensive Language Understanding for Explainable AI","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188084608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","mag":"3188084608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01174","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028772801","display_name":"Amit Sheth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amit Sheth","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023667301","display_name":"Manas Gaur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-2230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manas Gaur","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031161187","display_name":"Kaushik Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3375-2877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushik Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028524101","display_name":"Keyur Faldu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1621-3321"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keyur Faldu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embibe, Inc., Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embibe, Inc., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028772801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69339171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"5","first_page":"19","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.737055778503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.650291383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.6010306477546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5522260665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4995572566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.4758577048778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.46686339378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.46465200185775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.45699140429496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.44256144762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3668127655982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21761620044708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1541285514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.1304911971092224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.737055778503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.650291383266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.6010306477546692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5522260665893555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4995572566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4758577048778534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.46686339378356934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.46465200185775757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.45699140429496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.44256144762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3668127655982971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21761620044708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1541285514831543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.1304911971092224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mic.2021.3101919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205899252","display_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","issn_l":"1089-7801","issn":["1089-7801","1941-0131"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Internet Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.01174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.01174","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3188084608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01174.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.01174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2108.01174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2108.01174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2108.01174","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2108.01174","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6800000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6290369538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2133842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2897232984","https://openalex.org/W2958089299","https://openalex.org/W2963847595","https://openalex.org/W3003973800","https://openalex.org/W3005441132","https://openalex.org/W3007672467","https://openalex.org/W3035252911","https://openalex.org/W3093354052","https://openalex.org/W3130784583","https://openalex.org/W3132100018","https://openalex.org/W3135413417","https://openalex.org/W3156159270","https://openalex.org/W3161321757","https://openalex.org/W3164106291","https://openalex.org/W3176298362","https://openalex.org/W3204564112","https://openalex.org/W6773813506","https://openalex.org/W6774222543","https://openalex.org/W6777615688","https://openalex.org/W6784804396","https://openalex.org/W6793771069","https://openalex.org/W6898505805"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3200678811","https://openalex.org/W3042275219","https://openalex.org/W2997435195","https://openalex.org/W3210349787","https://openalex.org/W3204634638","https://openalex.org/W2908851744","https://openalex.org/W2952545560","https://openalex.org/W3211404710","https://openalex.org/W2605369869","https://openalex.org/W3170239398","https://openalex.org/W3135868572","https://openalex.org/W2990705179","https://openalex.org/W3212509273","https://openalex.org/W2955474402","https://openalex.org/W2914935482","https://openalex.org/W3161731903","https://openalex.org/W2888053952","https://openalex.org/W3163141002","https://openalex.org/W3098607861","https://openalex.org/W3123759309"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AI":[0,27,48,79,92,161,176,214],"systems":[1,80],"have":[2,132],"seen":[3],"significant":[4],"adoption":[5,14,211],"in":[6,15,47,52,109,174],"various":[7],"domains.":[8],"At":[9],"the":[10,21,101,114,120,175,208,217],"same":[11],"time,":[12],"further":[13],"some":[16],"domains":[17],"is":[18,129,179],"hindered":[19],"by":[20],"inability":[22],"to":[23,44,73,83,131,137,140,171,181,202],"fully":[24],"trust":[25,46,173],"an":[26,91,160,203,213],"system":[28,93,215],"that":[29,100,169,186,198],"it":[30,128,178],"will":[31],"not":[32],"harm":[33],"a":[34,110,142],"human.":[35],"Besides,":[36],"fairness,":[37],"privacy,":[38],"transparency,":[39],"and":[40,65,158,189],"explainability":[41],"are":[42,63,71,194],"vital":[43],"developing":[45,172],"systems.":[49],"As":[50],"stated":[51],"Describing":[53],"Trustworthy":[54],"AI,aa.https://www.ibm.com/watson/trustworthy-ai.":[55],"\u201cTrust":[56],"comes":[57],"through":[58],"understanding.":[59],"How":[60],"AI-led":[61],"decisions":[62,146],"made":[64],"what":[66],"determining":[67],"factors":[68],"were":[69],"included":[70],"crucial":[72],"understand.\u201d":[74],"The":[75],"subarea":[76],"of":[77,90,106,113,118,210,212],"explaining":[78],"has":[81],"come":[82],"be":[84,95],"known":[85],"as":[86,165],"XAI.":[87],"Multiple":[88],"aspects":[89],"can":[94],"explained;":[96],"these":[97],"include":[98],"biases":[99],"data":[102,107],"might":[103],"have,":[104],"lack":[105],"points":[108],"particular":[111],"region":[112],"example":[115],"space,":[116],"fairness":[117],"gathering":[119],"data,":[121],"feature":[122],"importances,":[123],"etc.":[124],"However,":[125],"besides":[126],"these,":[127],"critical":[130],"human-centered":[133],"explanations":[134,197],"directly":[135],"related":[136],"decision-making,":[138],"similar":[139,201],"how":[141],"domain":[143,184],"expert":[144],"makes":[145],"based":[147],"on":[148],"\u201cdomain":[149],"knowledge,\u201d":[150],"including":[151],"well-established,":[152],"peer-validated":[153],"explicit":[154,183],"guidelines.":[155],"To":[156],"understand":[157,188],"validate":[159],"system's":[162],"outcomes":[163],"(such":[164],"classification,":[166],"recommendations,":[167],"predictions)":[168],"lead":[170],"system,":[177],"necessary":[180],"involve":[182],"knowledge":[185],"humans":[187],"use.":[190],"Contemporary":[191],"XAI":[192],"methods":[193],"yet":[195],"addressed":[196],"enable":[199],"decision-making":[200],"expert.":[204],"Figure":[205],"1":[206],"shows":[207],"stages":[209],"into":[216],"real":[218],"world.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
