{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403278393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780","title":"Illustrative Examples and Possible Explanation for an Unexpected Behaviour of the Particle Filter","display_name":"Illustrative Examples and Possible Explanation for an Unexpected Behaviour of the Particle Filter","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403278393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-208594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104086527","display_name":"Jakob \u00c5slund","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob \u00c5slund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058002446","display_name":"Fredrik Gustafsson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3270-171X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Gustafsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001137240","display_name":"Gustaf Hendeby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-4295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gustaf Hendeby","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linköping University,Department of Electrical Engineering,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5414,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89679076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.8862000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.7821000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12540","display_name":"Cyclone Separators and Fluid Dynamics","score":0.713100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-filter","display_name":"Particle filter","score":0.5693766474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5629497766494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.41580435633659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4045329689979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.08280417323112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.05976065993309021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52421305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1151499","display_name":"Particle filter","level":3,"score":0.5693766474723816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5629497766494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.41580435633659363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4045329689979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.08280417323112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.05976065993309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi62651.2024.10705780","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-208594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-208594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400838","display_name":"DiVA (Linkoping University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","host_organization_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:liu-208594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-208594","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400838","display_name":"DiVA (Linkoping University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","host_organization_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322581","display_name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","ror":"https://ror.org/03zttf063"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076448662","https://openalex.org/W2098613108","https://openalex.org/W2143737806","https://openalex.org/W2160337655","https://openalex.org/W2162733643","https://openalex.org/W2469608151","https://openalex.org/W4251232855","https://openalex.org/W4293094287","https://openalex.org/W4386160311","https://openalex.org/W6676780147","https://openalex.org/W7037105134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2347749309","https://openalex.org/W2384389541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"particle":[1,110,134,200],"filter":[2,84,95,201],"(PF)":[3],"approximates":[4],"the":[5,9,22,26,50,70,82,93,101,109,133,136,142,147,162,190,199],"posterior":[6,24],"distribution":[7],"of":[8,28,52,104,108,161,173,177],"states":[10],"in":[11,87,135,159],"filtering":[12],"problems,":[13],"and":[14,106],"it":[15,19,75],"is":[16,90],"well-known":[17],"that":[18,39,132,140,182],"converges":[20],"to":[21,31,37,77,79],"true":[23],"when":[25,166],"number":[27,51,103,176],"particles":[29,53,105],"tends":[30],"infinity.":[32],"It":[33],"would":[34],"be":[35],"natural":[36],"assume":[38],"measures":[40],"such":[41,99],"as":[42,49,100,185,187,189],"mean":[43],"square":[44],"error":[45],"(MSE)":[46],"decreases":[47],"monotonically":[48],"increases.":[54],"This":[55],"is,":[56],"however,":[57],"not":[58,193],"always":[59],"true.":[60],"We":[61],"present":[62],"a":[63,113,122,174,195],"simple":[64],"two-dimensional":[65],"linear":[66,152,179],"Gaussian":[67],"system":[68,191],"where":[69],"MSE":[71],"grows":[72],"initially":[73],"before":[74],"starts":[76],"decrease":[78],"eventually":[80],"reach":[81],"optimal":[83],"performance,":[85],"which":[86,130],"this":[88,154,167],"case":[89],"provided":[91],"by":[92,118],"Kalman":[94],"(KF).":[96],"Other":[97],"indicators":[98],"efficient":[102],"trace":[107],"covariance":[111],"show":[112],"similar":[114],"strange":[115],"behavior.":[116],"Inspired":[117],"this,":[119],"we":[120,126],"derive":[121],"condition":[123,158],"for":[124],"what":[125],"term":[127],"projected":[128,196],"instability,":[129,197],"means":[131],"standard":[137],"SIR":[138],"PF":[139],"gives":[141,155],"best":[143],"prediction":[144],"actually":[145],"increases":[146],"state":[148,163],"estimation":[149],"error.":[150],"For":[151],"systems,":[153],"an":[156],"explicit":[157],"terms":[160],"space":[164],"matrices":[165],"situation":[168],"occurs.":[169],"Monte":[170],"Carlo":[171],"simulations":[172],"large":[175],"random":[178],"systems":[180],"indicate":[181],"everything":[183],"works":[184],"expected":[186],"long":[188],"does":[192],"have":[194],"otherwise":[198],"can":[202],"perform":[203],"badly":[204],"or":[205],"even":[206],"diverage.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-19T15:00:24.278416","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}