{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084850024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","title":"Estimating Uncertainties of Recurrent Neural Networks in Application to Multitarget Tracking","display_name":"Estimating Uncertainties of Recurrent Neural Networks in Application to Multitarget Tracking","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084850024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","mag":"3084850024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061541423","display_name":"Daniel Pollithy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Pollithy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055266164","display_name":"Marcel Reith\u2010Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4289-6362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Reith-Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000916925","display_name":"Florian Pfaff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2987-7685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Pfaff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055331421","display_name":"Uwe D. Hanebeck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9870-2331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uwe D. Hanebeck","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Sensor-Actuator-Systems Laboratory (ISAS), Institute for Anthropomatics and Robotics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061541423"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8872594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"abs 1704 2798","issue":null,"first_page":"229","last_page":"236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8421865701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7860697507858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7189881801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.7148477435112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5939225554466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5739775896072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.5025591850280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.49735549092292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.47955939173698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.43448755145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.4102737307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16693225502967834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8421865701675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7860697507858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7189881801605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.7148477435112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5939225554466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5739775896072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.5025591850280762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.49735549092292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.47955939173698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.43448755145072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.4102737307548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16693225502967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mfi49285.2020.9235216","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000123693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000123693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:conferenceObject"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000123693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000123693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000123693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582134693","https://openalex.org/W1567512734","https://openalex.org/W1568122762","https://openalex.org/W1891556343","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2154458658","https://openalex.org/W2212703438","https://openalex.org/W2460442816","https://openalex.org/W2589076805","https://openalex.org/W2600383743","https://openalex.org/W2606554264","https://openalex.org/W2752013927","https://openalex.org/W2773625966","https://openalex.org/W2810469995","https://openalex.org/W2963081736","https://openalex.org/W2963266340","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W6617145748","https://openalex.org/W6633735129","https://openalex.org/W6688167117","https://openalex.org/W6735443497","https://openalex.org/W6736999424","https://openalex.org/W6743806954","https://openalex.org/W6753254651"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2389555968","https://openalex.org/W2352634297","https://openalex.org/W2320550378","https://openalex.org/W2020144404","https://openalex.org/W4372347353","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404","https://openalex.org/W2155083555","https://openalex.org/W2005337052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"multitarget":[1,78],"tracking,":[2],"finding":[3],"an":[4],"association":[5,32],"between":[6],"the":[7,11,21,25,29,41,91,97],"new":[8],"measurements":[9],"and":[10,27],"known":[12],"targets":[13],"is":[14],"a":[15,46,86,105],"crucial":[16],"challenge.":[17],"By":[18],"considering":[19],"both":[20],"uncertainties":[22,95],"of":[23,93,100],"all":[24],"predictions":[26],"measurements,":[28],"most":[30],"likely":[31],"can":[33],"be":[34],"determined.":[35],"While":[36],"Kalman":[37],"filters":[38],"inherently":[39],"provide":[40,57],"predicted":[42],"uncertainties,":[43],"they":[44],"require":[45],"predefined":[47],"model.":[48],"contrast,":[50],"neural":[51,71],"networks":[52,72],"offer":[53],"data-driven":[54],"possibilities,":[55],"but":[56],"only":[58],"deterministic":[59],"predictions.":[60],"We":[61],"therefore":[62],"compare":[63],"two":[64],"common":[65],"approaches":[66],"for":[67,81],"uncertainty":[68],"estimation":[69,92],"in":[70],"applied":[73],"to":[74,108],"LSTMs":[75],"using":[76],"our":[77],"tracking":[79,98],"benchmark":[80],"optical":[82],"belt":[83],"sorting.":[84],"As":[85],"result,":[87],"we":[88],"show":[89],"that":[90],"measurement":[94],"improves":[96],"results":[99],"LSTMs,":[101],"posing":[102],"them":[103],"as":[104],"viable":[106],"alternative":[107],"manual":[109],"motion":[110],"modeling.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}