{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2046739349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","title":"Expert System on a Chip: An Engine for Real-Time Approximate Reasoning","display_name":"Expert System on a Chip: An Engine for Real-Time Approximate Reasoning","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2046739349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","mag":"2046739349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194503","display_name":"IEEE Expert","issn_l":"0885-9000","issn":["0885-9000","2374-9407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Expert","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005282276","display_name":"Masaki Togai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masaki Togai","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA","AT&T Bell Labs.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Labs.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002270607","display_name":"Hiroyuki Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8744-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA","AT&T Bell Labs.#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT and T Bell Laboratories, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Bell Labs.#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005282276"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587","https://openalex.org/I72090969"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2981,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":260,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97611985,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"55","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.8234310150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7113651037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-neuro-fuzzy-inference-system","display_name":"Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","score":0.6745949983596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-chaining","display_name":"Backward chaining","score":0.6229721903800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.5649077892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5224422812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-large-scale-integration","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","score":0.48551273345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-reasoner","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","score":0.4546528160572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-control-system","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","score":0.4426066279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-inference","display_name":"Rule of inference","score":0.4312947988510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.42523878812789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4246002435684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34929513931274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2958514094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.18341916799545288}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.8234310150146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7113651037216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186108316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352530","display_name":"Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","level":4,"score":0.6745949983596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129916263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141183","display_name":"Backward chaining","level":4,"score":0.6229721903800964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.5649077892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5224422812461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14580979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876049","display_name":"Very-large-scale integration","level":2,"score":0.48551273345947266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9616225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3929429","display_name":"Semantic reasoner","level":2,"score":0.4546528160572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195975749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475705","display_name":"Fuzzy control system","level":3,"score":0.4426066279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3746660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068763","display_name":"Rule of inference","level":2,"score":0.4312947988510132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.42523878812789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4246002435684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34929513931274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2958514094352722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18341916799545288}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mex.1986.4306980","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194503","display_name":"IEEE Expert","issn_l":"0885-9000","issn":["0885-9000","2374-9407"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Expert","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541746548","https://openalex.org/W1973309770","https://openalex.org/W1994049796","https://openalex.org/W2041280856","https://openalex.org/W2074264239","https://openalex.org/W2077670567","https://openalex.org/W2079217718","https://openalex.org/W2111743810","https://openalex.org/W2322411710","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632545175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105600282","https://openalex.org/W2399584202","https://openalex.org/W188597715","https://openalex.org/W1994749236","https://openalex.org/W57553454","https://openalex.org/W2415342802","https://openalex.org/W2473681167","https://openalex.org/W2936501741","https://openalex.org/W2149743823","https://openalex.org/W2119264717"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,46,72,105,124,153,217],"role":[1],"of":[2,48,76,108,126,156,195,225],"inferencing":[3],"with":[4],"uncertainty":[5],"is":[6,22,65,97,118,150,174,210],"becoming":[7],"more":[8,134],"important":[9],"in":[10,30,67,145,160,222],"rule-based":[11],"expert":[12,21],"systems":[13],"(ES),":[14],"since":[15],"knowledge":[16],"given":[17],"by":[18,99],"a":[19,32,80,88,93,100,213],"human":[20],"often":[23],"uncertain":[24],"or":[25],"imprecise.":[26],"We":[27],"have":[28],"succeeded":[29],"designing":[31],"VLSI":[33,50,168],"chip":[34],"which":[35],"can":[36,130,183],"perform":[37],"an":[38,84,192],"entire":[39],"inference":[40,52,73,85,113,128,139,158,181,208],"process":[41,233],"based":[42],"on":[43],"fuzzy":[44,51,157],"logic.":[45],"design":[47],"the":[49,112,127,138,161,167,180,207,223],"engine":[53,74,182,209],"emphasizes":[54],"simplicity,":[55],"extensibility,":[56],"and":[57,61,87,204,227,236,239],"efficiency":[58],"(operational":[59],"speed":[60,194],"layout":[62],"area).":[63],"It":[64],"fabricated":[66],"2.5":[68],"mm":[69],"CMOS":[70],"technology.":[71],"consists":[75,107],"three":[77],"major":[78],"components;":[79],"rule":[81,94,129,149],"set":[82,95],"memory,":[83],"processor,":[86,114],"controller.":[89],"In":[90,111],"this":[91],"implementation,":[92],"memory":[96,103],"realized":[98],"read":[101],"only":[102],"(ROM).":[104],"controller":[106],"two":[109],"counters.":[110],"one":[115],"data":[116,135],"path":[117],"laid":[119],"out":[120],"for":[121,212,229],"each":[122,148],"rule.":[123],"number":[125],"be":[131],"increased":[132],"adding":[133],"paths":[136],"to":[137,191],"processor.":[140],"All":[141],"rules":[142],"are":[143],"executed":[144],"parallel,":[146],"but":[147],"processed":[151],"serially.":[152],"logical":[154],"structure":[155],"proposed":[159],"current":[162],"paper":[163],"maps":[164],"nicely":[165],"onto":[166],"structure.A":[169],"two-phase":[170],"nonoverlapping":[171],"clocking":[172],"scheme":[173],"used.":[175],"Timing":[176],"tests":[177],"indicate":[178],"that":[179,206],"operate":[184],"at":[185],"approximately":[186,196],"20.8":[187],"MHz.":[188],"This":[189],"translates":[190],"execution":[193],"80,000":[197],"Fuzzy":[198],"Logical":[199],"Inferences":[200],"Per":[201],"Second":[202],"(FLIPS),":[203],"indicates":[205],"suitable":[211],"demanding":[214],"real-time":[215],"application.":[216],"potential":[218],"applications":[219],"include":[220],"decision-making":[221],"area":[224],"command":[226],"control":[228],"intelligent":[230],"robot":[231],"systems,":[232],"control,":[234],"missile":[235],"aircraft":[237],"guidance,":[238],"other":[240],"high":[241],"performance":[242],"machines.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
