{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125582332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378","title":"Distinguishing Startle from Surprise Events Based on Physiological Signals","display_name":"Distinguishing Startle from Surprise Events Based on Physiological Signals","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125582332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074876179","display_name":"Mansi Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9196-6342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mansi Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044913524","display_name":"Alexandre Duchevet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-1194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193033237","display_name":"Institut Superieur de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyj6s21","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100296615","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale de l\u2019Aviation Civile","ror":"https://ror.org/022zdgq74","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100296615","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Duchevet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse,F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;ration ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse,F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;ration ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100296615","https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123784433","display_name":"Florian Daiber","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Daiber","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123750249","display_name":"Jean-Paul Imbert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100296615","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale de l\u2019Aviation Civile","ror":"https://ror.org/022zdgq74","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100296615","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193033237","display_name":"Institut Superieur de l'Aeronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO)","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyj6s21","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I4405258862"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801658355","display_name":"Office National d'\u00c9tudes et de Recherches A\u00e9rospatiales","ror":"https://ror.org/005y2ap84","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Paul Imbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse,F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;ration ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA,France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit&#x00E9; de Toulouse,F&#x00E9;d&#x00E9;ration ENAC ISAE-SUPAERO ONERA,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100296615","https://openalex.org/I193033237","https://openalex.org/I2801658355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062802508","display_name":"Maurice Rekrut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5829-5409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Rekrut","raw_affiliation_strings":["German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI),Cognitive Assistants Lab, Saarland Informatics Campus,Saarbr&#x00FC;cken,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074876179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79226653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"675","last_page":"680"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.3549000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.3549000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.1770000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.1354999989271164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surprise","display_name":"Surprise","score":0.8944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/startle-response","display_name":"Startle response","score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/startle-reaction","display_name":"Startle reaction","score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.39089998602867126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.8944000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.51419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777845764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430986","display_name":"Startle response","level":2,"score":0.48669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.483599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4706999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909172351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430986","display_name":"Startle reaction","level":3,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137431309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383576","display_name":"Moro reflex","level":3,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340378","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4075775146484375,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970443848","https://openalex.org/W1977184647","https://openalex.org/W1981508360","https://openalex.org/W1988115560","https://openalex.org/W2002228862","https://openalex.org/W2008415235","https://openalex.org/W2019030518","https://openalex.org/W2021502766","https://openalex.org/W2045490108","https://openalex.org/W2067568125","https://openalex.org/W2075905054","https://openalex.org/W2076468776","https://openalex.org/W2093889412","https://openalex.org/W2128290663","https://openalex.org/W2143197238","https://openalex.org/W2147324912","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2159648246","https://openalex.org/W2170386358","https://openalex.org/W2570299621","https://openalex.org/W2955169483","https://openalex.org/W3010534301","https://openalex.org/W3176533441","https://openalex.org/W3203847074","https://openalex.org/W4230471314","https://openalex.org/W4236693903","https://openalex.org/W4300130498","https://openalex.org/W4387421661","https://openalex.org/W4390534552","https://openalex.org/W4403913095","https://openalex.org/W4405755669","https://openalex.org/W4408498826","https://openalex.org/W4410392498"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unexpected":[0],"events":[1,76,93],"can":[2,25,94],"impair":[3],"attention":[4],"and":[5,23,74,84,107,132,144],"delay":[6],"decision-making,":[7],"posing":[8],"serious":[9],"safety":[10],"risks":[11],"in":[12,29,38],"high-risk":[13],"environments":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"aviation.":[17],"In":[18,63],"particular,":[19],"reactions":[20,46],"like":[21],"startle":[22,73],"surprise":[24,75],"impact":[26],"pilot":[27],"performance":[28],"different":[30],"ways,":[31],"yet":[32],"are":[33],"often":[34],"hard":[35],"to":[36,57,122],"distinguish":[37],"practice.":[39],"Existing":[40],"research":[41],"has":[42],"largely":[43],"studied":[44],"these":[45,92],"separately,":[47],"with":[48,105,135,142],"limited":[49],"focus":[50],"on":[51,78],"their":[52],"combined":[53],"effects":[54],"or":[55],"how":[56],"differentiate":[58],"them":[59],"using":[60,81],"physiological":[61,79],"data.":[62],"this":[64,68],"work,":[65],"we":[66,118],"address":[67],"gap":[69],"by":[70],"distinguishing":[71],"between":[72,129],"based":[77],"signals":[80],"machine":[82],"learning":[83],"multi-modal":[85],"fusion":[86],"strategies.":[87],"Our":[88],"results":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91],"be":[95],"reliably":[96],"predicted,":[97],"achieving":[98],"a":[99,124,136],"highest":[100,137],"mean":[101,138],"accuracy":[102,139],"of":[103,115,140],"85.7%":[104],"SVM":[106],"Late":[108,145],"Fusion.":[109,146],"To":[110],"further":[111],"validate":[112],"the":[113,120],"robustness":[114],"our":[116],"model,":[117],"extended":[119],"evaluation":[121],"include":[123],"baseline":[125],"condition,":[126],"successfully":[127],"differentiating":[128],"Startle,":[130],"Surprise,":[131],"Baseline":[133],"states":[134],"74.9%":[141],"XGBoost":[143]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-23T20:09:44.859080","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}
