{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125584980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321","title":"FEV <sub>1</sub> Trajectory Classification in COPD Patients","display_name":"FEV <sub>1</sub> Trajectory Classification in COPD Patients","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125584980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073345247","display_name":"Francesco Bossi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-8187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Bossi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3359-8187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alberto Greco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Greco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4822-5562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068908568","display_name":"Gianluca Rho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-9261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Rho","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9919-9261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049326619","display_name":"Carlotta Marinai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-5276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlotta Marinai","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1183-5276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086159223","display_name":"Pasquale Bufano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-1101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Bufano","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4456-1101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033141295","display_name":"Michele Zanoletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-3155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Zanoletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-3155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095842428","display_name":"Eleonora Melissa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8892-0470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleonora Melissa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8892-0470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015494107","display_name":"Marco Laurino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-5196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Laurino","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4798-5196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Clinical Physiology,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Francesco Di Rienzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-5635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Di Rienzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5878-5635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086067526","display_name":"Carlo Vallati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-5471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Vallati","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7833-5471","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005659851","display_name":"Nicola Carbonaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-2333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Carbonaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-2333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121273557","display_name":"Henrik Watz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138040","display_name":"Velocity Clinical Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04nh35860","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Watz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Velocity Clinical Research Germany,Ahrensburg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-2661","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Velocity Clinical Research Germany,Ahrensburg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138040"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mustafa Abdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-1398"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802164966","display_name":"University Hospital Heidelberg","ror":"https://ror.org/013czdx64","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802164966"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129183","display_name":"German Center for Lung Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03dx11k66","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129183","https://openalex.org/I4405256427"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Abdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL),Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine,Heidelberg,Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-1398","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg, German Center for Lung Research (DZL),Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine,Heidelberg,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909","https://openalex.org/I2802164966","https://openalex.org/I4210129183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066692839","display_name":"Alessandro Tognetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-4071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Tognetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-4071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,Department of Information Engineering,Pisa,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76815642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1349","last_page":"1354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd","display_name":"COPD","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-classifier","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminant-function-analysis","display_name":"Discriminant function analysis","score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulmonary-disease","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.3407000005245209}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.5891000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5724999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776780178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199804","display_name":"COPD","level":2,"score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.4885999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52620605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268357","display_name":"Quadratic classifier","level":3,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40220001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41771347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Discriminant function analysis","level":2,"score":0.3901999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.37439998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.3407000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207201462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182505","display_name":"Bayes' theorem","level":3,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886","display_name":"Lung function","level":3,"score":0.3003999888896942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75603125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1877462","display_name":"Pulmonary function testing","level":2,"score":0.29809999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27101514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206120","display_name":"Lung volumes","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78397625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192487","display_name":"Discriminant","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine66377.2025.11340321","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.48933836817741394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044026928","https://openalex.org/W2050340241","https://openalex.org/W2118228748","https://openalex.org/W2139347600","https://openalex.org/W2141976863","https://openalex.org/W2167851640","https://openalex.org/W2293917369","https://openalex.org/W2575460375","https://openalex.org/W2776628754","https://openalex.org/W2994597783","https://openalex.org/W3016422726","https://openalex.org/W3029251778","https://openalex.org/W3082274020","https://openalex.org/W4282931019","https://openalex.org/W4322758476","https://openalex.org/W4366774637","https://openalex.org/W4387421361","https://openalex.org/W4387981957","https://openalex.org/W4408406514","https://openalex.org/W7083006623"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"Obstructive":[1],"Pulmonary":[2],"Disease":[3],"(COPD)":[4],"is":[5,41,48],"a":[6,35,127],"leading":[7],"cause":[8],"of":[9,23,37,182],"morbidity":[10],"and":[11,58,81,103,150,172,212],"mortality":[12],"worldwide,":[13],"with":[14,160],"progressive":[15],"lung":[16],"function":[17],"decline":[18],"severely":[19],"affecting":[20],"patients'":[21],"quality":[22],"life.":[24],"Spirometric":[25],"assessment,":[26],"particularly":[27],"Forced":[28],"Expiratory":[29],"Volume":[30],"in":[31,71,89],"one":[32],"second":[33],"as":[34,98,126],"percentage":[36],"predicted":[38,73],"(FEV1%":[39],"predicted),":[40],"central":[42],"to":[43,55,116,191,197,206],"monitoring":[44],"disease":[45],"progression":[46],"but":[47],"often":[49],"impractical":[50],"for":[51,67,139,178],"regular":[52],"use":[53],"due":[54,190],"its":[56],"invasive":[57],"burdensome":[59],"nature.":[60],"This":[61],"study":[62],"explores":[63],"an":[64],"alternative":[65],"approach":[66],"predicting":[68],"longitudinal":[69],"changes":[70],"FEV1%":[72],"using":[74],"passive":[75],"data":[76,85],"collected":[77],"via":[78],"wearable":[79],"sensors":[80],"demographic":[82],"variables.":[83],"Utilizing":[84],"from":[86,109],"423":[87],"patients":[88],"the":[90,122,156,165,180,192],"COSYCONET":[91],"cohort,":[92],"physical":[93],"activity":[94],"metrics":[95],"-":[96,106],"such":[97],"accelerometer":[99],"readings,":[100],"step":[101],"counts,":[102],"energy":[104],"expenditure":[105],"were":[107],"processed":[108],"one-week":[110],"recordings.":[111],"After":[112],"constructing":[113],"paired":[114],"observations":[115],"reflect":[117,208],"FEV1changes":[118],"between":[119],"clinical":[120],"visits,":[121],"problem":[123],"was":[124,137],"reformulated":[125],"binary":[128,194],"classification":[129,146],"task":[130],"(improvement":[131],"vs.":[132],"worsening).":[133],"Principal":[134],"Component":[135],"Analysis":[136,153],"used":[138],"dimensionality":[140],"reduction,":[141],"followed":[142],"by":[143],"training":[144],"six":[145],"models.":[147],"Naive":[148],"Bayes":[149],"Quadratic":[151],"Discriminant":[152],"(QDA)":[154],"achieved":[155],"highest":[157],"overall":[158],"accuracy,":[159],"k-Nearest":[161],"Neighbors":[162],"(k-NN)":[163],"offering":[164],"best":[166],"sensitivity.":[167],"Results":[168],"suggest":[169],"that":[170],"non-linear":[171],"non-parametric":[173],"models":[174],"are":[175],"more":[176],"suitable":[177],"capturing":[179],"complexity":[181],"COPD":[183],"progression.":[184],"However,":[185],"performance":[186],"remains":[187],"modest,":[188],"likely":[189],"simplistic":[193],"threshold":[195],"applied":[196],"FEV1changes.":[198],"Future":[199],"research":[200],"should":[201],"focus":[202],"on":[203],"refining":[204],"thresholds":[205],"better":[207],"clinically":[209],"meaningful":[210],"variations":[211],"improve":[213],"model":[214],"precision.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-01-25T00:00:00"}
