{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405755197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224","title":"Identification of EEG Features of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) Based on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","display_name":"Identification of EEG Features of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) Based on eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405755197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070660716","display_name":"Pasquale Arpa\u00efa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-5922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale Arpaia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062705263","display_name":"Lidia Ammendola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7115-5551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lidia Ammendola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045975003","display_name":"Maria Cropano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9055-4493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Cropano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111272122","display_name":"Matteo De Luca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo De Luca","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062435511","display_name":"Anna Della Calce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Della Calce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103275987","display_name":"Ludovica Gargiulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3305-2515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ludovica Gargiulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086425939","display_name":"Giacomo Lus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-1124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Lus","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,Second Division of Neurology,Dep. of Advanced Medical and Surgery Science,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,Second Division of Neurology,Dep. of Advanced Medical and Surgery Science,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024555080","display_name":"Luigi Maffei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-5065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Maffei","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044449021","display_name":"Daniela Malangone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniela Malangone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,II Neurological Clinic,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026061024","display_name":"Nicola Moccaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1035-5740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Moccaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Dep. of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI),Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011981678","display_name":"Simona Raimo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0687-9656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Raimo","raw_affiliation_strings":["“Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro,Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences,Catanzaro,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"“Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro,Dep. of Medical and Surgical Sciences,Catanzaro,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029894629","display_name":"Elisabetta Signoriello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5753-6752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Signoriello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,Second Division of Neurology,Dep. of Advanced Medical and Surgery Science,Naples,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”,Second Division of Neurology,Dep. of Advanced Medical and Surgery Science,Naples,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002163682","display_name":"Paolo De Blasiis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1317-7994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20272500","display_name":"University of Basilicata","ror":"https://ror.org/03tc05689","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo De Blasiis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Basilicata,Potenza,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basilicata,Potenza,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20272500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070660716"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3617,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63716339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1153","last_page":"1158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7081851959228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6049565076828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.5102813243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48500296473503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47594404220581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.4472709596157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3910575211048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3844245672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.2989676594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0534149706363678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7081851959228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6049565076828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5102813243865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48500296473503113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47594404220581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.4472709596157074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3910575211048126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3844245672225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2989676594734192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0534149706363678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10797224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597602009","https://openalex.org/W1990981288","https://openalex.org/W2023886295","https://openalex.org/W2056934255","https://openalex.org/W2072292615","https://openalex.org/W2076924176","https://openalex.org/W2077498112","https://openalex.org/W2120362047","https://openalex.org/W2130628280","https://openalex.org/W2131380101","https://openalex.org/W2136162329","https://openalex.org/W2300431707","https://openalex.org/W2329965198","https://openalex.org/W2517286476","https://openalex.org/W2725903383","https://openalex.org/W2789952652","https://openalex.org/W2794198484","https://openalex.org/W2899414240","https://openalex.org/W2907412254","https://openalex.org/W2963881755","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W3001735300","https://openalex.org/W3046835753","https://openalex.org/W3090985299","https://openalex.org/W3122425186","https://openalex.org/W3131957723","https://openalex.org/W3165025861","https://openalex.org/W3189739848","https://openalex.org/W3194852292","https://openalex.org/W4292688159","https://openalex.org/W4295008739","https://openalex.org/W4308602937","https://openalex.org/W6606437002","https://openalex.org/W6632917876","https://openalex.org/W6676535487","https://openalex.org/W6682666553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127457454","https://openalex.org/W2755960881","https://openalex.org/W2500286343","https://openalex.org/W2072079890","https://openalex.org/W1467997810","https://openalex.org/W2467087724","https://openalex.org/W2588385582","https://openalex.org/W2166562931","https://openalex.org/W2999282499","https://openalex.org/W3093197204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electroencephalographic":[0],"(EEG)":[1],"features":[2,57,78,95,123],"of":[3,37,46,54,65,82,109,173,185,197,212,223,235],"transcranial":[4],"Electrical":[5],"Stimulation":[6],"(tES)":[7],"effects":[8,41],"in":[9,63,121,127,162,176,180,188,191,200,203,206,215,218,226,229,238,241,255,260,273],"Multiple":[10],"Sclerosis":[11],"(MS)":[12],"patients":[13,103],"were":[14,24,124,154],"identified.":[15],"Machine":[16,167],"Learning":[17],"and":[18,96,131,139,146,152,194,209,232,257,275],"eXplainable":[19],"Artificial":[20],"Intelligence":[21],"(XAI)":[22],"algorithms":[23],"the":[25,29,52,80,89,92,97,245],"used":[26],"methods":[27],"for":[28,68],"EEG":[30,56,77,94,122],"feature":[31],"selection.":[32],"Current":[33],"tES-based":[34],"treatments":[35],"lack":[36],"adaptivity":[38],"to":[39,75],"their":[40],"on":[42,51],"individuals.":[43],"Real-time":[44],"modification":[45],"electrical":[47],"stimulation":[48],"parameters":[49],"based":[50],"trend":[53],"specific":[55],"may":[58],"represent":[59],"a":[60],"new":[61],"perspective":[62],"terms":[64],"personalized":[66],"medicine":[67],"MS":[69,102],"patients.":[70],"This":[71],"preliminary":[72],"study":[73],"aimed":[74],"identify":[76],"reflecting":[79],"effect":[81],"tES":[83,114,248],"treatment.":[84,117],"Ongoing":[85],"analyses":[86],"are":[87],"exploring":[88],"correlation":[90],"between":[91],"identified":[93,170],"expected":[98],"clinical":[99],"outcomes.":[100],"Five":[101],"underwent":[104],"non-pharmacological":[105],"treatment":[106,251],"combining":[107],"Theory":[108],"Mind":[110],"(ToM)":[111],"training":[112],"with":[113,164],"or":[115],"sham":[116,250],"Pre-and":[118],"post-treatment":[119],"variation":[120],"assessed":[125],"both":[126],"Eyes":[128,132],"Opened":[129],"(EO)":[130],"Closed":[133],"(EC)":[134],"conditions.":[135],"In":[136],"particular,":[137],"absolute":[138,174,186,198,213,224],"relative":[140],"power":[141],"across":[142],"six":[143],"frequency":[144,153],"bands,":[145],"Posterior":[147],"Dominant":[148],"Rhythm":[149],"(PDR)":[150],"amplitude":[151,237],"explored.":[155],"The":[156,264],"Sequential":[157],"Feature":[158],"Selection":[159],"(SFS)":[160],"algorithm":[161,269],"combination":[163],"Support":[165],"Vector":[166],"(SVM)":[168],"classifier":[169],"(i)":[171,210],"difference":[172,184,196,211,222,234],"powers":[175,187,199,214,225],"high":[177],"beta":[178],"band":[179,190,202,217,228],"T3":[181,192,219],"channel,":[182,193,220,231],"(ii)":[183,221],"gamma":[189,201,216,227],"(iii)":[195,233],"O2":[204,239,274],"channel":[205,240],"EO":[207,256],"condition,":[208],"C4":[230],"PDR":[236,271],"EC":[242,261],"condition":[243],"as":[244,277],"most":[246,278],"discriminating":[247],"from":[249],"(67.5":[252],"%":[253,259],"accuracy":[254],"83.33":[258],"conditions,":[262],"respectively).":[263],"SHapley":[265],"Additive":[266],"exPlanations":[267],"(SHAP)":[268],"highlighted":[270],"amplitudes":[272],"O1":[276],"informative":[279],"features.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}