{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405755354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420","title":"Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Discover Subtypes of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy","display_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach to Discover Subtypes of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405755354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065466648","display_name":"Noemi Pisani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noemi Pisani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences,Napoli,Italy,80131"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences,Napoli,Italy,80131","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013496030","display_name":"Marina Picillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marina Picillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044342790","display_name":"Michela Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5874-6441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michela Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061993000","display_name":"Filomena Abate","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1991-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filomena Abate","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102651396","display_name":"Anna Rosa Avallone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1559-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Rosa Avallone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101603551","display_name":"Francesco Amato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-8516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Amato","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048562130","display_name":"Paolo Barone","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Barone","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Salerno,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry &#x201C;Scuola Medica Salernitana&#x201D;,Baronissi,SA,Italy,84081","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018342706","display_name":"Carlo Ricciardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7290-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Ricciardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Naples Federico II,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies,Napoli,Italy,80125","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082714564","display_name":"Mario Cesarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-313X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16337185","display_name":"University of Sannio","ror":"https://ror.org/04vc81p87","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mario Cesarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sannio,Department of Engineering,Benevento,Italy,82100"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sannio,Department of Engineering,Benevento,Italy,82100","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16337185"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6474,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73437773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"505","last_page":"510"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8841999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10085","display_name":"Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8841999769210815,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.7993999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.7975000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/progressive-supranuclear-palsy","display_name":"Progressive supranuclear palsy","score":0.9462591409683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6176660060882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.6033433675765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48752090334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44411152601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1798313856124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.09207803010940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.060804128646850586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776477761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q945930","display_name":"Progressive supranuclear palsy","level":3,"score":0.9462591409683228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6176660060882568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.6033433675765991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48752090334892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44411152601242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1798313856124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.09207803010940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.060804128646850586}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine62247.2024.10796420","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980610450","https://openalex.org/W1992419399","https://openalex.org/W2009994283","https://openalex.org/W2026616100","https://openalex.org/W2054422278","https://openalex.org/W2106922104","https://openalex.org/W2120887445","https://openalex.org/W2136557657","https://openalex.org/W2156821098","https://openalex.org/W2157848968","https://openalex.org/W2504526017","https://openalex.org/W2564772759","https://openalex.org/W2577370916","https://openalex.org/W2612001459","https://openalex.org/W2618677231","https://openalex.org/W2623663856","https://openalex.org/W2759839148","https://openalex.org/W2763355946","https://openalex.org/W2846270054","https://openalex.org/W2883729373","https://openalex.org/W2938120702","https://openalex.org/W2945020349","https://openalex.org/W2969397457","https://openalex.org/W3048802680","https://openalex.org/W3083851753","https://openalex.org/W3103389642","https://openalex.org/W3109500069","https://openalex.org/W3157599690","https://openalex.org/W3176540645","https://openalex.org/W3199719950","https://openalex.org/W4205177943","https://openalex.org/W4205429375","https://openalex.org/W4220734059","https://openalex.org/W4310872901","https://openalex.org/W4321792548","https://openalex.org/W4322620086","https://openalex.org/W4389881594","https://openalex.org/W4391424223","https://openalex.org/W4391424224","https://openalex.org/W4396689437"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Progressive":[0],"supranuclear":[1],"palsy":[2],"(PSP)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,36,57,68,92,148,233],"rare,":[6],"rapidly":[7],"progressive,":[8],"neurodegenerative":[9],"disease":[10,235],"characterised":[11],"by":[12],"ocular":[13],"motor":[14],"abnormalities,":[15],"postural":[16],"instability,":[17],"parkinsonism":[18],"and":[19,87,108,110,115,147,161,177,186,205,210,212,221,227,244],"cognitive":[20],"dysfunctions.":[21],"Recently,":[22],"eight":[23],"PSP":[24,47,63,76,276],"phenotypes":[25],"have":[26],"been":[27],"identified,":[28],"on":[29,144,175],"the":[30,75,85,181,184,255,273],"basis":[31],"of":[32,38,71,89,118,167,183,257,275],"expert":[33],"opinion.":[34],"However,":[35],"number":[37],"objective":[39],"measures":[40],"could":[41,263],"be":[42,264],"used":[43,51],"to":[44,60,137,268],"identify":[45,61],"distinct":[46],"subgroups.":[48,64,277],"Here,":[49],"we":[50,66],"first":[52,99],"order":[53,100],"radiomic":[54,101,145,252],"features":[55,102,126,146,253],"through":[56],"clustering":[58],"approach":[59],"two":[62,141,157],"Subsequently,":[65],"performed":[67],"clinical":[69,176,269],"characterization":[70],"such":[72],"clusters":[73,158,185],"using":[74],"rating":[77,270],"scale":[78],"subscores.":[79],"Forty":[80],"patients":[81],"were":[82,103,190],"enrolled":[83],"in":[84,164,260],"study":[86],"each":[88],"them":[90],"underwent":[91],"T1-weighted":[93],"magnetic":[94],"resonance":[95],"imaging":[96],"(MRI).":[97],"Eighteen":[98],"extracted":[104],"from":[105],"cortical":[106],"(cingulate":[107],"occipital)":[109],"subcortical":[111],"(pallidum,":[112],"putamen,":[113],"hippocampus":[114,204],"amygdala)":[116],"regions":[117],"interest":[119],"(ROIs).":[120],"The":[121,154],"MRI":[122],"was":[123,135,152,173],"pre-processed":[124],"before":[125],"extraction.":[127],"An":[128],"unsupervised":[129],"machine":[130],"learning":[131],"(ML)":[132],"algorithm,":[133],"k-means,":[134],"implemented":[136],"cluster":[138],"data":[139],"into":[140],"groups":[142],"based":[143],"subsequent":[149],"feature":[150],"importance":[151],"employed.":[153],"algorithm":[155],"found":[156],"(Cluster":[159],"1":[160],"Cluster":[162,238],"2)":[163],"differentiating":[165],"subgroups":[166],"PSP.":[168],"A":[169],"univariate":[170],"statistical":[171,187],"analysis":[172],"applied":[174],"demographical":[178],"variables":[179],"after":[180],"identification":[182,274],"significant":[188],"differences":[189],"obtained":[191],"for":[192,199,219,237,242,272],"bulbar":[193],"(p=0.034,":[194],"p=0.047,":[195],"p=0.048,":[196],"p=0.024,":[197],"respectively":[198,218],"amygdala,":[200],"cingulate":[201,226],"white":[202,207,229],"matter,":[203],"occipital":[206,228],"matter":[208,230],"ROIs)":[209],"gait":[211],"midline":[213],"PSP-rs":[214],"subscores":[215],"(p=0.028,":[216],"p=0.027,":[217],"pallidum":[220,243],"putamen":[222,245],"ROIs).":[223],"Amygdala,":[224],"hippocampus,":[225],"ROIs":[231],"showed":[232],"higher":[234],"severity":[236],"1,":[239],"vice":[240],"versa":[241],"ROIs.":[246],"These":[247],"results":[248],"suggest":[249],"that":[250],"first-order":[251],"reflecting":[254],"distribution":[256],"grey-level":[258],"intensities":[259],"an":[261,265],"ROI":[262],"add-on":[266],"tool":[267],"scales":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
