{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391424206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776","title":"Improving Common Spatial Patterns in Brain-Computer Interface Using Dynamic Time Warping and EEG Normalization","display_name":"Improving Common Spatial Patterns in Brain-Computer Interface Using Dynamic Time Warping and EEG Normalization","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391424206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109396213","display_name":"Mohamed A. A. Mohamed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-1890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed A A Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055782133","display_name":"Salem Mansour","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-5780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salem Mansour","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059712773","display_name":"Payam Soulatiantork","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-8220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Payam Soulatiantork","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320376","display_name":"Kai Keng Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Keng Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012332544","display_name":"Phua Kok Soon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phua Kok Soon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore","Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR),Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Infocomm Research Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013613840","display_name":"Mahnaz Arvaneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5124-3497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnaz Arvaneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department,Sheffield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automatic control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6573,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68942029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1027","last_page":"1032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9366999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9150999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.8546097278594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7344276309013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6876834034919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6788679361343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6574037671089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6027958989143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5111497044563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5030385851860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-filter","display_name":"Spatial filter","score":0.4696098268032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4464101195335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40363413095474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.32954174280166626}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.8546097278594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7344276309013367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6876834034919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6788679361343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6574037671089172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6027958989143372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5111497044563293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5030385851860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121475858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735911","display_name":"Spatial filter","level":2,"score":0.4696098268032074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4464101195335388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40363413095474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32954174280166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroxraine58569.2023.10405776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Metrology for eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence and Neural Engineering (MetroXRAINE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005791255","https://openalex.org/W2024482587","https://openalex.org/W2028839769","https://openalex.org/W2055603681","https://openalex.org/W2075647286","https://openalex.org/W2143742326","https://openalex.org/W2152119085","https://openalex.org/W2154626880","https://openalex.org/W2291774649","https://openalex.org/W2356455614","https://openalex.org/W2588973200","https://openalex.org/W2936926022","https://openalex.org/W2980950397","https://openalex.org/W3032957021","https://openalex.org/W3117042517","https://openalex.org/W4246261037","https://openalex.org/W4293052146","https://openalex.org/W6963588625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341338763","https://openalex.org/W2950183183","https://openalex.org/W2030799363","https://openalex.org/W2032415964","https://openalex.org/W2288425735","https://openalex.org/W2349923317","https://openalex.org/W2894081631","https://openalex.org/W2986063033","https://openalex.org/W2978114332","https://openalex.org/W1617617605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Common":[0],"spatial":[1,8],"patterns":[2],"(CSP)":[3],"is":[4,80,128,140],"widely":[5],"employed":[6],"for":[7],"filtering":[9],"and":[10,45,65,111,145,151,166],"feature":[11],"extraction":[12],"in":[13,176],"electroencephalogram":[14],"(EEG)-based":[15],"brain-computer":[16],"interfaces":[17],"(BCIs),":[18],"However,":[19],"the":[20,53,72,77,109,119,124,148,152,160,180],"non-stationary":[21],"nature":[22],"of":[23,31,85,179],"EEG":[24,59,87,102,113],"signals":[25],"can":[26],"lead":[27],"to":[28,82,89,104,117,130],"poor":[29],"estimation":[30],"CSP.":[32],"To":[33],"address":[34],"this":[35,37],"drawback,":[36],"paper":[38],"proposes":[39],"a":[40],"novel":[41],"algorithm":[42,51,139,150],"called":[43],"scaled":[44,101,110],"warped":[46,112],"CSP":[47,55,120,149,165],"(SW-CSP).":[48],"The":[49,136,156],"proposed":[50,125,137,154],"enhances":[52],"classical":[54],"by":[56,69],"reducing":[57],"within":[58],"class":[60,91,106],"non-stationarity":[61],"across":[62],"both":[63,164],"time":[64,95],"amplitude":[66,84],"domains,":[67],"followed":[68],"automatically":[70],"selecting":[71],"most":[73,132],"discriminative":[74,133],"features.":[75],"First,":[76],"maximum-minimum":[78],"scaling":[79],"applied":[81],"align":[83],"each":[86,100],"trial":[88,103],"its":[90,105],"average.":[92,107],"Next,":[93],"dynamic":[94],"warping":[96],"(DTW)":[97],"temporally":[98],"aligns":[99],"Thereafter,":[108],"trials":[114],"are":[115],"used":[116,129],"compute":[118],"covariance":[121],"matrices.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"Fisher's":[126],"score":[127],"select":[131],"SW-CSP":[134,138,161],"filters.":[135],"evaluated":[141],"using":[142],"two":[143],"datasets,":[144],"compared":[146],"with":[147],"previously":[153],"DTW-CSP.":[155],"results":[157],"showed":[158],"that":[159],"significantly":[162],"outperformed":[163],"DTW-CSP":[167],"(p<0.003).":[168],"Notably,":[169],"an":[170],"improvement":[171],"above":[172],"10%":[173],"was":[174],"observed":[175],"20":[177],"%":[178],"participants.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}