{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286572124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563","title":"Electric current classification with tiny machine learning for home appliances","display_name":"Electric current classification with tiny machine learning for home appliances","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286572124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036123913","display_name":"Danilo Pau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1585-2313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147507","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh7s019","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210147507"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Danilo Pau","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, System Research and Applications Agrate Brianza"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, System Research and Applications Agrate Brianza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147507"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045222899","display_name":"Randriatsimiovalaza Dimbiniaina Marc","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131827901","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/00wm3b005","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124177","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Czechia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03c7ss521","country_code":"CZ","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210124177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114704","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0348bpw87","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210114704"]}],"countries":["CH","CN","CZ","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randriatsimiovalaza Dimbiniaina Marc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita degli studi di Trento,STMicroelectronics","STMicroelectronics, Universita degli studi di Trento"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita degli studi di Trento,STMicroelectronics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124177","https://openalex.org/I131827901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Universita degli studi di Trento","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587","https://openalex.org/I4210114704"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035380355","display_name":"Davide Denaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147507","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh7s019","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210147507"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Denaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, System Research and Applications Agrate Brianza"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, System Research and Applications Agrate Brianza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147507"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036123913"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147507"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2745,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52279608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"abs 1611 5803","issue":null,"first_page":"149","last_page":"154"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881472110748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.653472900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.569570004940033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5582613945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5245402455329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5127273797988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.48761335015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4802720546722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.44862180948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.415929913520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.26685553789138794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881472110748291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.653472900390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.569570004940033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5582613945007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5245402455329895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5127273797988892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.48761335015296936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4802720546722412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.44862180948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.415929913520813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.26685553789138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831563","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990571958","https://openalex.org/W1994042232","https://openalex.org/W2020517213","https://openalex.org/W2028045978","https://openalex.org/W2130040093","https://openalex.org/W2317919972","https://openalex.org/W2557152923","https://openalex.org/W2696967604","https://openalex.org/W2697608749","https://openalex.org/W2764060181","https://openalex.org/W2789876780","https://openalex.org/W2920193448","https://openalex.org/W3040566078","https://openalex.org/W3119134918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W4311257506","https://openalex.org/W2337926734","https://openalex.org/W4366224123","https://openalex.org/W4320802194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-intrusive":[0],"electric":[1],"load":[2],"monitoring":[3],"methods":[4],"analyze":[5],"changes":[6],"in":[7,138],"voltage":[8],"and":[9,41,69,87,105,121,184],"current":[10,55],"measured":[11,156],"at":[12],"the":[13,23,43,49,54,85,96,107,134,142,150,154,158,162,169,172,186,192,200],"household's":[14],"power":[15,25,51],"plug":[16],"connection":[17],"point.":[18],"This":[19],"helps":[20],"to":[21,34,39,79,140],"disaggregate":[22],"total":[24],"consumption":[26],"into":[27,125],"individual":[28],"appliances":[29,155],"contributions.":[30],"The":[31,75,109],"idea":[32],"is":[33],"use":[35],"their":[36],"unique":[37],"fingerprint":[38],"identify":[40],"classify":[42],"active":[44],"appliances.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper":[48],"mel":[50],"spectrogram":[52],"of":[53,90,153],"measurement":[56],"was":[57,78,111,166],"used":[58],"as":[59,133],"an":[60],"input":[61],"transformed":[62],"data":[63],"for":[64,161,199],"both":[65,180],"convolutional":[66,163,181],"neural":[67,164,182],"network":[68,165,183],"more":[70],"traditional":[71],"machine":[72,115,188],"learning":[73,116,189],"models.":[74],"primary":[76,135],"goal":[77],"achieve":[80],"high":[81],"accuracy":[82,152,170],"classification.":[83],"Moreover,":[84],"memory":[86,197],"computational":[88],"complexity":[89],"these":[91],"models":[92,117,124],"were":[93,131],"compared":[94],"against":[95],"challenging":[97],"constraints":[98],"set":[99],"by":[100],"limited":[101],"resource":[102],"embedded":[103],"systems":[104],"during":[106],"development.":[108],"work":[110],"concerned":[112],"on":[113,157],"developing":[114],"targeting":[118],"software":[119],"execution":[120,136],"deploying":[122],"those":[123],"a":[126,148,195],"future":[127],"intelligent":[128],"meter.":[129],"Microcontrollers":[130],"considered":[132],"targets":[137],"order":[139],"evaluate":[141],"models'":[143],"ground":[144],"truth":[145],"performance.":[146],"As":[147],"result,":[149],"classification":[151],"WHITED":[159],"dataset":[160,174],"98.6%.":[167],"While":[168],"with":[171],"COOLL":[173],"achieved":[175,194],"95%.":[176],"By":[177],"carefully":[178],"analyzing":[179],"off":[185],"shelf":[187],"models,":[190],"only":[191],"former":[193],"tiny":[196],"suitable":[198],"microcontroller":[201],"deployment.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}