{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286572080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493","title":"ANN-Based Stealth Attack to Battery Energy Storage Systems by Using a Low-Cost Device","display_name":"ANN-Based Stealth Attack to Battery Energy Storage Systems by Using a Low-Cost Device","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286572080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080185369","display_name":"Alan Oliveira de S\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6311-9672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Oliveira De Sa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Lisboa,LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências,Lisboa,Portugal,1749-016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Lisboa,LASIGE, Faculdade de Ciências,Lisboa,Portugal,1749-016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009382265","display_name":"Lucila M. S. Bento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40034438","display_name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro","ror":"https://ror.org/0198v2949","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucila Maria De Souza Bento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mathematics, State University of Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil","Institute of Mathematics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, State University of Rio de Janeiro,RJ,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mathematics, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40034438"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091546373","display_name":"Mariana Luiza Flavio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9477-7163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariana Luiza Flavio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt,Department of Physical Chemistry,Braunschweig,Germany","Department of Physical Chemistry, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt,Department of Physical Chemistry,Braunschweig,Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Chemistry, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078108157","display_name":"Marco Pasetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-7925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pasetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017887033","display_name":"Paolo Ferrari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6349-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Ferrari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076825230","display_name":"Emiliano Sisinni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emiliano Sisinni","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brescia,Department of Information Engineering,Brescia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83956379,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"201","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6245988011360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5458725690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5458295345306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5156720876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.404974102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38234660029411316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6245988011360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5458725690841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5458295345306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5156720876693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.404974102973938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38234660029411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroind4.0iot54413.2022.9831493","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 & IoT (MetroInd4.0&IoT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/567325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/567325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010973666","https://openalex.org/W2041024986","https://openalex.org/W2087715086","https://openalex.org/W2498799405","https://openalex.org/W2529094992","https://openalex.org/W2543877364","https://openalex.org/W2605474381","https://openalex.org/W2613412685","https://openalex.org/W2621087171","https://openalex.org/W2743310649","https://openalex.org/W2791319097","https://openalex.org/W2889428202","https://openalex.org/W2897167156","https://openalex.org/W2897898980","https://openalex.org/W2905089868","https://openalex.org/W2941336474","https://openalex.org/W2962704317","https://openalex.org/W2990037115","https://openalex.org/W2991521149","https://openalex.org/W3003137894","https://openalex.org/W3021187517","https://openalex.org/W3028990460","https://openalex.org/W3036521665","https://openalex.org/W3098141888","https://openalex.org/W3114369269","https://openalex.org/W3121690551","https://openalex.org/W3126512763","https://openalex.org/W3132765130","https://openalex.org/W3210102662"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140798747","https://openalex.org/W2948169060","https://openalex.org/W2730112582","https://openalex.org/W2110696645","https://openalex.org/W2358580169","https://openalex.org/W2111347279","https://openalex.org/W4399426197","https://openalex.org/W2487211728","https://openalex.org/W2378096925","https://openalex.org/W2330407971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,155,175,199],"application":[1],"of":[2,5,46,62,72,142,149,152,167,197],"the":[3,9,16,31,44,60,66,73,116,123,130,132,139,143,147,160,173,179,185,202,207],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"paradigm":[7],"to":[8,18,33,42,56,76,90,113,125,137,172,183],"power":[10,168],"and":[11,21,79,121,187],"energy":[12],"sector":[13],"is":[14,38,135,157,181],"opening":[15],"way":[17],"advanced":[19],"monitoring":[20],"control":[22],"capabilities":[23],"over":[24],"Distributed":[25],"Energy":[26,94],"Resources":[27],"(DERs).":[28],"In":[29,81],"particular,":[30],"ability":[32],"use":[34],"heterogeneous":[35],"communication":[36,148],"infrastructures":[37],"a":[39,86,91,107,165,193,214,220],"key":[40],"feature":[41],"enable":[43],"integration":[45],"DERs":[47],"in":[48,213],"modern":[49],"distribution":[50],"networks,":[51],"but":[52],"also":[53],"expose":[54],"them":[55],"cyber":[57],"threats.":[58],"Among":[59],"variety":[61],"threats":[63],"warned":[64],"by":[65,145],"literature,":[67],"stealth":[68],"attacks":[69],"are":[70],"one":[71],"most":[74],"relevant":[75],"be":[77,211],"studied":[78],"faced.":[80],"this":[82],"work,":[83],"we":[84],"present":[85],"Man-in-the-Middle":[87],"(MitM)":[88],"attack":[89,111,180,209],"distributed":[92],"Battery":[93],"Storage":[95],"System":[96],"(BESS)":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99,201],"an":[100],"Artificial":[101],"Neural":[102],"Network":[103],"(ANN),":[104],"launched":[105],"from":[106],"low-cost":[108,215],"device.":[109],"aims":[112],"stealthily":[114],"harm":[115],"BESS":[117,144,186],"by,":[118],"e.g.,":[119],"charging":[120],"discharging":[122],"batteries":[124],"reduce":[126],"their":[127],"lifetime.":[128],"During":[129],"attack,":[131],"ANN-based":[133],"model":[134,156],"used":[136],"mimic":[138,188],"normal":[140,190],"behavior":[141,191],"hacking":[146],"its":[150,189],"State":[151],"Charge":[153],"(SOC).":[154],"trained":[158],"using":[159],"real":[161],"SOC":[162],"data":[163],"as":[164],"function":[166],"request":[169],"commands":[170],"sent":[171],"BESS.":[174],"results":[176],"show":[177],"that":[178,206],"able":[182],"manipulate":[184],"with":[192],"mean":[194],"absolute":[195],"error":[196],"1.19%.":[198],"evaluation":[200],"computational":[203],"resources":[204],"indicates":[205],"proposed":[208],"can":[210],"deployed":[212],"intelligent":[216],"electronic":[217],"device":[218],"(e.g.,":[219],"Raspberry":[221],"Pi).":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2022-07-22T00:00:00"}