{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2887749370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","title":"Comparison Between MQTT and WebSocket Protocols for IoT Applications Using ESP8266","display_name":"Comparison Between MQTT and WebSocket Protocols for IoT Applications Using ESP8266","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2887749370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","mag":"2887749370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020568345","display_name":"Guilherme M. B. Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme M. B. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110717075","display_name":"Danielly Costa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielly C. M. Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017691367","display_name":"Ricardo J. B. V. M. Cavalcanti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo J. B. V. M. Cavalcanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051148138","display_name":"Josiel P. P. Oliveira","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josiel P. P. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054042935","display_name":"Diego R. C. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1500-7948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diego R. C. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084067663","display_name":"Marcelo B. Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4747-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo B. Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113848381","display_name":"Marconi C. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7136-1606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35046152","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marconi C. Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Escola de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35046152"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5575,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93342521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"236","last_page":"241"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mqtt","display_name":"MQTT","score":0.9129522442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8834365606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7054219245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-queue","display_name":"Message queue","score":0.6122817993164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5833723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5501415133476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5365853905677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.4674338400363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.32828375697135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.26949286460876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.23476967215538025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132868160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10322548","display_name":"MQTT","level":3,"score":0.9129522442817688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8834365606307983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7054219245910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26324664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065525","display_name":"Message queue","level":2,"score":0.6122817993164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5833723545074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5501415133476257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5365853905677795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.4674338400363922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.32828375697135925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.26949286460876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.23476967215538025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/metroi4.2018.8428348","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325185","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn09761"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517082263","https://openalex.org/W2072996299","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2514980537","https://openalex.org/W2551911279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3134703581","https://openalex.org/W2807530277","https://openalex.org/W4220939727","https://openalex.org/W2955004246","https://openalex.org/W4309750840","https://openalex.org/W4386742307","https://openalex.org/W4205275965","https://openalex.org/W3187039177","https://openalex.org/W2974197507","https://openalex.org/W3013275963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,43,67,101,121,141],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,81,104,123,134],"Things":[4],"becomes":[5],"more":[6,15,17,126],"popular,":[7],"applications":[8,27,131],"development":[9],"using":[10,54,66,83,113],"this":[11,38],"concept":[12],"are":[13],"turning":[14],"and":[16,19,25,52,60,86,110,143],"common":[18],"accessible.":[20],"Besides":[21],"that,":[22],"high":[23],"performance":[24],"real-time":[26],"require":[28],"a":[29,90,108],"low":[30],"latency":[31,98],"protocol.":[32],"Taking":[33],"these":[34],"aspects":[35],"into":[36],"account,":[37],"work":[39],"aims":[40],"to":[41,96,140],"compare":[42],"application":[44],"layer":[45],"network":[46,85],"protocols:":[47],"Message":[48],"Queue":[49],"Telemetry":[50],"Transport":[51],"WebSocket,":[53],"ESP8266":[55,112],"(SoC":[56],"with":[57,132],"IEEE":[58],"802.11)":[59],"Node.js":[61],"servers":[62],"for":[63],"data":[64,142],"exchange,":[65],"most":[68],"popular":[69],"protocol":[70],"implementation":[71],"found":[72,119],"in":[73,89,130,146],"Github,":[74],"considering":[75],"topics":[76],"like":[77],"documentation,":[78],"round-trip":[79],"time":[80,102],"packages":[82],"local":[84],"memory":[87],"allocated":[88],"device.":[91],"Experimental":[92],"tests":[93],"were":[94],"performed":[95],"measure":[97],"by":[99],"calculating":[100],"difference":[103],"packets":[105],"exchanged":[106],"between":[107],"server":[109],"an":[111],"both":[114],"protocols.":[115],"It":[116],"has":[117],"been":[118],"that":[120,147],"use":[122],"WebSocket":[124],"is":[125],"appropriate":[127],"than":[128],"MQTT":[129],"RTT":[133],"at":[135],"least":[136],"1":[137],"millisecond":[138],"according":[139],"contexts":[144],"presented":[145],"article.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}