{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412171535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030","title":"Enhancing Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis with Machine Learning: A Random Forest Approach Using Muscle Response Data","display_name":"Enhancing Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis with Machine Learning: A Random Forest Approach Using Muscle Response Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412171535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Medical Measurements & Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060473961","display_name":"Virginia Negri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8521-0776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Virginia Negri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012455420","display_name":"Alessandro Mingotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1739-1277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Mingotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088604112","display_name":"Roberto Tinarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5377-2421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098188","display_name":"Laboratori Guglielmo Marconi (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3vad87","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Tinarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”,Bologna,Italy,40136","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094238700","display_name":"Alessandra Laffi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3772-6254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Laffi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences,Bologna,Italy,40126"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences,Bologna,Italy,40126","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062413384","display_name":"Milena Raffi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7467-5591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milena Raffi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences,Bologna,Italy,40126"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences,Bologna,Italy,40126","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012690556","display_name":"Alessandro Piras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5974-0116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Piras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department for Life Quality Studies,Rimini,Italy,47921"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna,Department for Life Quality Studies,Rimini,Italy,47921","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060473961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098188","https://openalex.org/I9360294"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88859495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.8261533975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-retinopathy","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","score":0.6334018707275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6249258518218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.51663738489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4231502413749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.27549469470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.19628477096557617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8261533975601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779829184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631361","display_name":"Diabetic retinopathy","level":3,"score":0.6334018707275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6249258518218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.51663738489151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4231502413749695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.27549469470977783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.19628477096557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea65319.2025.11068030","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE Medical Measurements & Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/1021817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11068030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2409626119","https://openalex.org/W2520210802","https://openalex.org/W2621322281","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3094410332","https://openalex.org/W3175607202","https://openalex.org/W4200030036","https://openalex.org/W4220654892","https://openalex.org/W4285392783","https://openalex.org/W4313389221","https://openalex.org/W4386221860","https://openalex.org/W4403528246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4394984040","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetic":[0],"retinopathy":[1],"(DR)":[2],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,11,18,25,33,61,88,109,172,185],"the":[6,23,43,59,86,102,107,141,155,161,170,183],"leading":[7],"causes":[8],"loss":[10],"vision":[12],"and":[13,58,106,128,148,160,175,208,215],"blindness":[14],"worldwide,":[15],"affecting":[16],"millions":[17],"people":[19],"each":[20,131],"year.":[21],"As":[22],"prevalence":[24],"diabetes":[26],"continues":[27],"to":[28,42,84,133,187],"rise":[29],"globally,":[30],"early":[31],"detection":[32],"DR":[34,62,189],"becomes":[35],"increasingly":[36],"crucial":[37],"in":[38,154],"preventing":[39],"irreversible":[40],"damage":[41],"eyes.":[44],"This":[45,94],"study":[46,192],"presents":[47],"a":[48],"Random":[49],"Forest-based":[50],"machine":[51],"learning":[52],"(ML)":[53],"approach":[54],"for":[55,196],"improving":[56,209],"testing":[57],"diagnosis":[60],"patients":[63,76],"using":[64],"muscle":[65,114,158],"response":[66],"data.":[67],"The":[68,116],"proposed":[69],"methodology":[70],"not":[71],"only":[72],"focuses":[73],"on":[74,78,113,178],"categorizing":[75],"based":[77],"their":[79],"condition":[80,105],"but":[81],"also":[82],"extends":[83],"classifying":[85],"type":[87],"visual":[89,111,136],"stimuli":[90,112],"administered":[91],"during":[92],"tests.":[93],"dual":[95],"classification":[96,179],"offers":[97],"valuable":[98],"insights":[99],"into":[100,200],"both":[101,145],"patient's":[103],"physiological":[104],"impact":[108],"different":[110,135],"responses.":[115],"dataset":[117],"includes":[118],"measurements":[119],"from":[120],"three":[121],"patient":[122,146,210],"groups:":[123],"healthy":[124],"individuals,":[125],"retinopathic":[126],"patients,":[127,130],"laser-treated":[129],"exposed":[132],"five":[134],"stimuli.":[137,162],"Results":[138],"show":[139],"that":[140],"model":[142],"effectively":[143],"classifies":[144],"categories":[147],"stimulus":[149],"types,":[150],"revealing":[151],"meaningful":[152],"patterns":[153],"relationship":[156],"between":[157],"responses":[159],"Furthermore,":[163],"experiments":[164],"with":[165],"varying":[166],"sample":[167,176],"sizes":[168],"underscore":[169],"influence":[171],"acquisition":[173],"protocols":[174],"quantity":[177],"accuracy.":[180],"By":[181],"demonstrating":[182],"potential":[184],"ML":[186,198],"enhance":[188],"diagnosis,":[190],"this":[191],"opens":[193],"new":[194],"possibilities":[195],"incorporating":[197],"techniques":[199],"clinical":[201],"settings,":[202],"offering":[203],"more":[204,213],"personalized":[205],"diagnostic":[206],"strategies":[207],"outcomes":[211],"through":[212],"accurate":[214],"quick":[216],"assessments.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T08:17:42.794288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}