{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401073486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918","title":"A semi-Supervised Deep Learning Approach to Automate the Identification of Fetal Behavioral States in Fetal Heart Rate Tracings","display_name":"A semi-Supervised Deep Learning Approach to Automate the Identification of Fetal Behavioral States in Fetal Heart Rate Tracings","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401073486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022600700","display_name":"Edoardo Spairani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1113-0075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edoardo Spairani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071765908","display_name":"Giulio Steyde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2078-6173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulio Steyde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106057496","display_name":"Luca Subitoni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Subitoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049021803","display_name":"Giovanni Magenes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Magenes","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pavia,Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical,Pavia,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pavia,Computer and Biomedical Engineering,Department of Electrical,Pavia,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067475539","display_name":"M.G. Signorini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9391-9846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria G. Signorini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information and Bioengineering (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano,Department of Electronics,Milano,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86834738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11456","display_name":"Neuroscience of respiration and sleep","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9778000116348267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6914664506912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetal-heart-rate","display_name":"Fetal heart rate","score":0.5955469608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5867360830307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5591443181037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.500953197479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fetus","display_name":"Fetus","score":0.4963303208351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4561748504638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.3240286111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2261723279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.19449925422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy","display_name":"Pregnancy","score":0.14922988414764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.09195291996002197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6914664506912231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020626262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q886292","display_name":"Fetal heart rate","level":4,"score":0.5955469608306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5867360830307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5591443181037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.500953197479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.4963303208351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4561748504638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.3240286111831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2261723279953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.19449925422668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.14922988414764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09195291996002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea60663.2024.10596918","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1986297458","https://openalex.org/W2095797524","https://openalex.org/W2106490849","https://openalex.org/W2119650563","https://openalex.org/W2120805159","https://openalex.org/W2195311095","https://openalex.org/W2586750328","https://openalex.org/W2981295028","https://openalex.org/W3004177981","https://openalex.org/W4294975445","https://openalex.org/W4323027471","https://openalex.org/W4385397988","https://openalex.org/W6767290199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W22971176","https://openalex.org/W1971180441","https://openalex.org/W2000354542","https://openalex.org/W2002929099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computerized":[0],"Cardiotocography":[1],"(cCTG)":[2],"facilitates":[3],"a":[4,91,113,137,153,191],"thorough":[5],"and":[6,22,41,63,77,122,130,183],"objective":[7],"examination":[8],"of":[9,36,38,53,66,85,99,164,177,181,188],"the":[10,19,33,57,61,73,83,97,106,125,162],"Fetal":[11],"Heart":[12],"Rate":[13],"(FHR),":[14],"providing":[15],"valuable":[16],"insights":[17],"into":[18,128],"fetal":[20,39,100],"condition":[21],"its":[23],"well-being.":[24],"A":[25],"crucial":[26],"aspect":[27],"within":[28],"this":[29],"context":[30],"pertains":[31],"to":[32,59,120],"automatic":[34],"identification":[35,98],"periods":[37,79],"activity":[40],"quiescence,":[42],"which":[43,117],"are":[44,80],"associated":[45,81],"with":[46,82],"different":[47],"FHR":[48,67,126,198],"patterns.":[49,104],"The":[50,133,169],"accurate":[51],"discrimination":[52],"these":[54],"patterns":[55],"holds":[56],"potential":[58],"improve":[60],"interpretability":[62],"diagnostic":[64],"capabilities":[65],"quantitative":[68],"analysis.":[69],"Indeed,":[70],"disruptions":[71],"in":[72],"cycling":[74],"between":[75],"active":[76,129],"quiet":[78,131],"development":[84],"pathological":[86],"conditions.":[87],"This":[88],"study":[89],"introduces":[90],"deep":[92,108],"learning":[93],"based":[94,141,148],"methodology":[95],"for":[96],"behavioral":[101],"heart":[102],"rate":[103],"Specifically,":[105],"implemented":[107],"neural":[109],"network":[110],"(DNN)":[111],"adopts":[112],"1D":[114],"encoder-decoder":[115],"architecture,":[116],"is":[118],"trained":[119,170],"recognize":[121],"automatically":[123],"segment":[124],"recordings":[127],"periods.":[132],"proposed":[134],"framework":[135],"includes":[136],"semi-supervised":[138],"training":[139],"process,":[140],"on":[142,149,190],"two":[143],"steps:":[144],"a)":[145],"DNN":[146,159,171],"pre-training":[147],"pseudo-labels":[150],"generated":[151],"by":[152,201],"Hidden":[154],"Markov":[155],"Model":[156],"(HMM),":[157],"b)":[158],"fine-tuning":[160],"integrating":[161],"annotations":[163],"an":[165,202],"expert":[166,203],"Ob-Gyn":[167,204],"clinician.":[168,205],"exhibits":[172],"promising":[173],"results:":[174],"Balanced":[175],"Accuracy":[176],"88.37%,":[178],"Macro":[179],"F1-Score":[180],"87.87%":[182],"Matthews":[184],"Correlation":[185],"Coefficient":[186],"(MCC)":[187],"75.80%":[189],"distinct":[192],"hold-out":[193],"test":[194],"set,":[195],"encompassing":[196],"45":[197],"traces":[199],"annotated":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2024-07-31T00:00:00"}
