{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4383746894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862","title":"Data Augmentation using Reverb and Noise in Deep Learning Implementation of Cough Classification","display_name":"Data Augmentation using Reverb and Noise in Deep Learning Implementation of Cough Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4383746894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111768140","display_name":"Saiful Huq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saiful Huq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079766012","display_name":"Pengcheng Xi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengcheng Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Natinoal Research Council Canada,Ottawa,Canada","Natinoal Research Council Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Natinoal Research Council Canada,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778","https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Natinoal Research Council Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017668310","display_name":"Rafik Goubran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4087-416X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafik Goubran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University; Bruyère Research Institute,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University; Bruyère Research Institute,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019572093","display_name":"Julio J. Vald\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2930-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159778","display_name":"National Research Council Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04mte1k06","country_code":"CA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julio J. Vald\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council Canada,Digital Technologies,Ottawa,Canada","Digital Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council Canada,Digital Technologies,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Technologies, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086309680","display_name":"Frank Knoefel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5760-4484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Knoefel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bruyère Research Institute, Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital; Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University,Ottawa,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bruyère Research Institute, Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital; Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078223816","display_name":"James R. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6039-2355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67031392","display_name":"Carleton University","ror":"https://ror.org/02qtvee93","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James R Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carleton University,Systems and Computer Engineering,Ottawa,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67031392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10863","display_name":"Voice and Speech Disorders","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7291950583457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5792007446289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5464751124382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5355375409126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5314323902130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5146516561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4907175302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4841459393501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dry-cough","display_name":"Dry cough","score":0.45656925439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40884482860565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35874173045158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08788865804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.0769023597240448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7291950583457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5792007446289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5464751124382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5355375409126282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5314323902130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5146516561508179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4907175302505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4841459393501282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017571381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35805","display_name":"Dry cough","level":2,"score":0.45656925439834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40884482860565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35874173045158386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08788865804672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0769023597240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea57477.2023.10171862","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.ca:cistinparc:a005d39d-8dca-473d-967b-65f0c73185e2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=a005d39d-8dca-473d-967b-65f0c73185e2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055245","display_name":"NPARC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316628","display_name":"Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05bznkw77"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496717739","https://openalex.org/W1924943994","https://openalex.org/W1974446076","https://openalex.org/W2043392634","https://openalex.org/W2050613873","https://openalex.org/W2139344565","https://openalex.org/W2176625348","https://openalex.org/W2512160354","https://openalex.org/W2518911984","https://openalex.org/W2593116425","https://openalex.org/W2791889480","https://openalex.org/W2889249099","https://openalex.org/W2931364255","https://openalex.org/W2936774411","https://openalex.org/W2966292152","https://openalex.org/W2970737019","https://openalex.org/W3010360545","https://openalex.org/W3011702533","https://openalex.org/W3088067841","https://openalex.org/W3097079238","https://openalex.org/W3112200823","https://openalex.org/W3131724164","https://openalex.org/W3158058158","https://openalex.org/W3184774590","https://openalex.org/W3197597428","https://openalex.org/W3198700264","https://openalex.org/W3206775376","https://openalex.org/W3215300138","https://openalex.org/W4210596854","https://openalex.org/W4211059664","https://openalex.org/W4211093990","https://openalex.org/W4221022294","https://openalex.org/W4224301045","https://openalex.org/W4224918663","https://openalex.org/W4225304582","https://openalex.org/W4285107865","https://openalex.org/W4289886806","https://openalex.org/W4292862420","https://openalex.org/W4292874171","https://openalex.org/W4295832405","https://openalex.org/W4297818243","https://openalex.org/W4309270060","https://openalex.org/W4309459219","https://openalex.org/W4318186065","https://openalex.org/W4321375535","https://openalex.org/W6765911391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2282915605","https://openalex.org/W4395111127","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3000197790","https://openalex.org/W4285322112","https://openalex.org/W4292794239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143],"interest":[1],"in":[2,12],"automated":[3],"analysis":[4],"and":[5,94,137,152,187],"classification":[6,25],"of":[7,30,43,50,79,106,122,135,150,161,173,176,204],"cough":[8,31,44,51,198],"sounds":[9,32,45],"has":[10,181],"increased":[11],"recent":[13],"years,":[14],"partly":[15],"due":[16],"to":[17,39,59,76,170],"the":[18,80],"worldwide":[19],"COVID19":[20],"pandemic.":[21],"To":[22],"train":[23,60],"such":[24,41,65,177,196],"models,":[26],"a":[27,89,98,148,178],"large":[28],"dataset":[29],"is":[33,126,190],"needed,":[34],"however,":[35],"it":[36],"remains":[37],"challenging":[38],"find":[40],"datasets":[42],"that":[46,71,146,180],"have":[47,56],"expert-labelled":[48],"diagnoses":[49],"types.":[52],"Data":[53],"augmentation":[54,69,109,117,125,154,162],"techniques":[55],"been":[57,182],"used":[58],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"models":[63,73],"given":[64],"limited":[66],"data.":[67],"Furthermore,":[68],"ensures":[70],"trained":[72,183],"are":[74,110,130],"invariant":[75],"natural":[77,201],"transformations":[78],"data,":[81],"measured":[82],"from":[83,200],"real":[84],"environments/surroundings.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"presents":[88],"method":[90],"for":[91],"classifying":[92,193],"wet":[93],"dry":[95],"coughs":[96,129],"using":[97,147],"ResNet18":[99],"convolutional":[100],"neural":[101],"network":[102],"model.":[103],"Several":[104],"forms":[105],"spectral":[107],"data":[108,116,124,189],"investigated":[111],"including":[112],"many":[113],"traditional":[114,165],"audio":[115,123,194],"methods.":[118],"A":[119],"novel":[120],"form":[121,160],"leveraged,":[127],"where":[128],"augmented":[131],"with":[132],"varying":[133],"levels":[134],"reverberation":[136],"Gaussian":[138],"noise,":[139],"during":[140],"model":[141,179],"training.":[142],"study":[144],"found":[145],"combination":[149],"reverb":[151],"noise":[153],"provided":[155],"greater":[156],"improvement":[157],"than":[158],"either":[159],"alone,":[163],"or":[164],"augmentations":[166],"as":[167,197],"well,":[168],"leading":[169],"an":[171],"accuracy":[172],"95%.":[174],"Use":[175],"on":[184],"both":[185],"reverb-":[186],"noise-augmented":[188],"recommended":[191],"when":[192],"recordings,":[195],"sounds,":[199],"environments":[202],"outside":[203],"laboratory":[205],"conditions.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}