{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292873518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516","title":"The role of filter breathability in reducing the fraction of exhaled air leaking from surgical and community face masks","display_name":"The role of filter breathability in reducing the fraction of exhaled air leaking from surgical and community face masks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292873518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605601","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014837887","display_name":"Silvia Chiera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-6577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Chiera","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035666588","display_name":"Alessandro Cristoforetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-6656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Cristoforetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049330432","display_name":"L. Benedetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4660-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Benedetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018472435","display_name":"Luca Borro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2490-822X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123352","display_name":"Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02sy42d13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Borro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bambino Ges&#x00F9; Children&#x0027;s Hospital,Imaging Department / 3DLab,Rome,Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bambino Ges&#x00F9; Children&#x0027;s Hospital,Imaging Department / 3DLab,Rome,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035344616","display_name":"Lorenzo Mazzei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6043-974X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75620049","display_name":"Ergon Energy (Australia)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ft0an39","country_code":"AU","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75620049"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109547","display_name":"Cad Modelling Ergonomics (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/01tpms519","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109547"]}],"countries":["AU","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Mazzei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ergon Research,Florence,Italy","Ergon Research, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ergon Research,Florence,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75620049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ergon Research, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109547"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003086956","display_name":"Giandomenico Nollo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-083X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giandomenico Nollo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030762662","display_name":"Francesco Tessarolo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-5602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","display_name":"University of Trento","ror":"https://ror.org/05trd4x28","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Tessarolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Trento,Department of Industrial Engineering,Trento,Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014837887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70006146,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10990","display_name":"Infection Control and Ventilation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11296","display_name":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11422","display_name":"Burn Injury Management and Outcomes","score":0.9599000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respirator","display_name":"Respirator","score":0.8294191360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.7234269976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5874372720718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exhaled-air","display_name":"Exhaled air","score":0.5806047320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraction","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","score":0.5185045003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5112817287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-masks","display_name":"Face masks","score":0.45929521322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-pressure","display_name":"Differential pressure","score":0.4455922245979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.43352237343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3976311683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37633904814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3235228657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronavirus-disease-2019","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","score":0.30695536732673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.2054104506969452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.17948982119560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.1455681324005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11421754956245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1011483371257782}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158816027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271779","display_name":"Respirator","level":2,"score":0.8294191360473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.7234269976615906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5874372720718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020341094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Exhaled air","level":2,"score":0.5806047320365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5185045003890991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5112817287445068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909791563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428367","display_name":"Face masks","level":5,"score":0.45929521322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984663118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Differential pressure","level":2,"score":0.4455922245979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.43352237343788147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3976311683654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37633904814720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3235228657722473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.30695536732673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2054104506969452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17948982119560242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1455681324005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11421754956245422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1011483371257782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memea54994.2022.9856516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605601","display_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/364204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9856516/authors#authors","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196320","display_name":"Iris (University of Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994338141","https://openalex.org/W2000960899","https://openalex.org/W2008157754","https://openalex.org/W2041780885","https://openalex.org/W2088077494","https://openalex.org/W2151223065","https://openalex.org/W3012431078","https://openalex.org/W3014271510","https://openalex.org/W3047593146","https://openalex.org/W3100155798","https://openalex.org/W3118643387","https://openalex.org/W3120836361","https://openalex.org/W3124380380","https://openalex.org/W3128389594","https://openalex.org/W3128453090","https://openalex.org/W3164389463","https://openalex.org/W3180321468","https://openalex.org/W3184805120","https://openalex.org/W3196991013","https://openalex.org/W3199363408","https://openalex.org/W3216429675","https://openalex.org/W4221135258","https://openalex.org/W4233250638","https://openalex.org/W6800722584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079420139","https://openalex.org/W4246077867","https://openalex.org/W3129986377","https://openalex.org/W3115457065","https://openalex.org/W3042013189","https://openalex.org/W4280542324","https://openalex.org/W3107187407","https://openalex.org/W2103169493","https://openalex.org/W3094471309","https://openalex.org/W3178351352"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"masks":[1,34,184],"are":[2,17],"used":[3,93],"worldwide":[4],"to":[5,48,56,66,94,129,132,185],"reduce":[6],"COVID-19":[7],"transmission":[8],"in":[9,76,176],"indoor":[10],"environments.":[11],"Differently":[12],"from":[13,99,127],"face":[14,30,54,107,119,183,200],"respirators,":[15],"there":[16],"no":[18],"standards":[19],"methods":[20],"for":[21,85],"measuring":[22,86],"the":[23,29,53,64,68,96,100,112,118,137,142,144,177,191,199],"fraction":[24,113,156,192],"of":[25,32,70,102,114,146,179,193],"air":[26,50,77,97,116,167,195],"leaking":[27,115,147,155,196],"at":[28,52,117,198],"seal":[31,55,120],"loose-fitting":[33],"such":[35],"as":[36],"medical":[37,58,180],"and":[38,59,73,89,124,141,157,181,189],"community":[39,60,182],"masks.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42],"applies":[43],"a":[44,103,106,162],"recently":[45],"developed":[46],"method":[47],"quantify":[49],"leakage":[51],"14":[57],"mask":[61,71,133],"models":[62],"with":[63,83],"aim":[65],"understand":[67],"role":[69],"design":[72],"filter":[74,158],"properties":[75],"leakage.":[78,168],"An":[79],"instrumented":[80],"head-form":[81],"equipped":[82],"sensors":[84],"volumetric":[87],"airflow":[88,139],"differential":[90],"pressure":[91],"was":[92,152],"simulate":[95],"exhalation":[98],"mouth":[101],"person":[104],"wearing":[105],"mask.":[108],"Results":[109],"showed":[110],"that":[111,161],"is":[121],"not":[122],"negligible":[123],"can":[125,165],"range":[126],"10%":[128],"95%":[130],"according":[131],"model.":[134],"The":[135],"higher":[136],"exhaled":[138,194],"rate":[140],"lower":[143,166],"amount":[145],"fraction.":[148],"A":[149],"strong":[150],"correlation":[151],"found":[153],"between":[154],"breathability,":[159],"indicating":[160],"better":[163],"breathability":[164],"Highly":[169],"breathable":[170],"filtering":[171],"materials":[172],"should":[173],"be":[174],"employed":[175],"production":[178],"maximize":[186],"user":[187],"comfort":[188],"minimize":[190],"unfiltered":[197],"seal.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
