{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1513203179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","title":"The battle of accountable voting systems","display_name":"The battle of accountable voting systems","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1513203179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","mag":"1513203179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. Second ACM and IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, 2004. MEMOCODE '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009458897","display_name":"David L. Dill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.L. Dill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Stanford, CA, USA","Dept. of Stanford Comput. Sci., CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Stanford Comput. Sci., CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009458897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05337234,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-voting","display_name":"Electronic voting","score":0.8794466257095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.8075617551803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6448473930358887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5768194794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battle","display_name":"Battle","score":0.5649539828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.504684329032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.4809279143810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audit","display_name":"Audit","score":0.47208377718925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bullet-voting","display_name":"Bullet voting","score":0.4698200523853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.46752169728279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disapproval-voting","display_name":"Disapproval voting","score":0.37049180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3215188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.19402173161506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.1795736849308014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.09934878349304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.07075411081314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06990987062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.0688888430595398}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780612046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926161","display_name":"Electronic voting","level":4,"score":0.8794466257095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.8075617551803589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6448473930358887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5768194794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.5649539828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.504684329032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.4809279143810272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.47208377718925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102483414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4996825","display_name":"Bullet voting","level":5,"score":0.4698200523853302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.46752169728279114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117763746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5281306","display_name":"Disapproval voting","level":4,"score":0.37049180269241333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3215188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19402173161506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.1795736849308014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.09934878349304199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.07075411081314087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06990987062454224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0688888430595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/memcod.2004.1459826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. Second ACM and IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Co-Design, 2004. MEMOCODE '04.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3123452820","https://openalex.org/W3105181465","https://openalex.org/W2982471511","https://openalex.org/W3108317354","https://openalex.org/W2002846354","https://openalex.org/W197335132","https://openalex.org/W2097975722","https://openalex.org/W130358381","https://openalex.org/W1596100069","https://openalex.org/W157440325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"form":[1],"only":[2],"given.":[3],"Touch-screen":[4],"voting":[5,65,69,153],"machines":[6],"store":[7],"records":[8],"of":[9,22,25,83,158],"cast":[10],"votes":[11],"in":[12,113,129,174],"internal":[13],"memory":[14],"where":[15],"the":[16,29,32,42,47,84,93,111,169],"voter":[17,30,48,74],"cannot":[18],"check":[19],"them.":[20],"Because":[21],"our":[23],"system":[24,70],"secret":[26],"ballots,":[27],"once":[28],"leaves":[31],"polls":[33],"there":[34],"is":[35,79,97,104],"no":[36],"way":[37],"anyone":[38],"can":[39,87],"determine":[40],"whether":[41],"vote":[43,85],"captured":[44],"was":[45],"what":[46],"intended.":[49],"Why":[50],"should":[51,71,150,165],"voters":[52],"trust":[53,151],"these":[54],"machines?":[55],"In":[56],"December":[57],"2003,":[58],"I":[59,109,126,167],"drafted":[60],"a":[61,73,80,100,130,156],"resolution":[62],"on":[63],"electronic":[64,152,175],"stating":[66],"that":[67,86,124,137],"every":[68],"have":[72,144],"verifiable":[75],"audit":[76],"trail,":[77],"which":[78,96],"permanent":[81],"record":[82],"be":[88],"checked":[89],"for":[90,99,147,162],"accuracy":[91],"by":[92],"voter,":[94],"and":[95,172],"saved":[98],"recount":[101],"if":[102],"it":[103],"required.":[105],"After":[106],"many":[107,119],"rewrites,":[108],"posted":[110],"page":[112],"January":[114],"2004":[115],"with":[116],"endorsements":[117],"from":[118],"prominent":[120],"computer":[121],"scientists.":[122],"At":[123],"point,":[125],"became":[127],"embroiled":[128],"surprisingly":[131],"fierce":[132],"(and":[133],"time":[134],"consuming)":[135],"battle":[136],"continues":[138],"today.":[139],"We":[140],"still":[141],"do":[142],"not":[143],"an":[145],"answer":[146],"why":[148,163],"we":[149,164],"machines,":[154],"but":[155],"lot":[157],"evidence":[159],"has":[160],"emerged":[161],"not.":[166],"discuss":[168],"basic":[170],"principles":[171],"issues":[173],"voting.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
