{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2888535524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2018.8442569","title":"Ground Extraction from 3D Lidar Point Clouds with the Classification Learner App","display_name":"Ground Extraction from 3D Lidar Point Clouds with the Classification Learner App","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2888535524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2018.8442569","mag":"2888535524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/med.2018.8442569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2018.8442569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 26th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032901443","display_name":"Antonio Pomares","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Pomares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014881396","display_name":"Jorge L. Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8940-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge L. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035771066","display_name":"Anthony Mandow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-6239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Mandow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019960457","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Mart\u00ednez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8249-9201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria A. Martinez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056404269","display_name":"Mariano Mor\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-7671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Moran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651933","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1095-4775"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82767444","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. Ingenier\u00eda de Sistemas y Autom\u00e1tica, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Industriales, M\u00e1laga, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82767444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8274654,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.74149090051651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7084275484085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6212222576141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5984219908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5851683020591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5800138115882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.5649582147598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.468839555978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46518343687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.41269010305404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3518926501274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3446443974971771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3257957696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10857054591178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09988635778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0863552987575531}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.74149090051651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7084275484085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6212222576141357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5984219908714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5851683020591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5800138115882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.5649582147598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.468839555978775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46518343687057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.41269010305404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3518926501274109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3446443974971771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3257957696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10857054591178894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09988635778427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0863552987575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/med.2018.8442569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2018.8442569","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 26th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W969454004","https://openalex.org/W1541913633","https://openalex.org/W1966324474","https://openalex.org/W1985908905","https://openalex.org/W2005066870","https://openalex.org/W2050690116","https://openalex.org/W2095103413","https://openalex.org/W2099405522","https://openalex.org/W2107023258","https://openalex.org/W2132360065","https://openalex.org/W2136418123","https://openalex.org/W2138395468","https://openalex.org/W2139291719","https://openalex.org/W2150408100","https://openalex.org/W2156067790","https://openalex.org/W2162974035","https://openalex.org/W2423495701","https://openalex.org/W2516641658","https://openalex.org/W2595640798","https://openalex.org/W2732883317","https://openalex.org/W2769699424","https://openalex.org/W2777853933","https://openalex.org/W6675120363","https://openalex.org/W6680500973"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W2114282491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ground":[0],"extraction":[1],"from":[2,39],"three-dimensional":[3],"(3D)":[4],"range":[5],"data":[6],"is":[7],"a":[8,56,117],"relevant":[9],"problem":[10,21],"for":[11,89],"outdoor":[12],"navigation":[13],"of":[14,32,59,70,107],"unmanned":[15],"ground":[16,33,90],"vehicles.":[17],"Even":[18],"if":[19],"this":[20,66,81],"has":[22,93],"received":[23],"attention":[24],"with":[25,100],"specific":[26],"heuristics":[27],"and":[28,34,122],"segmentation":[29],"approaches,":[30],"identification":[31],"non-ground":[35],"points":[36],"can":[37],"benefit":[38],"state-of-the-art":[40],"classification":[41,113],"methods,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44,73,75],"those":[45],"included":[46,64],"in":[47,65,68,76],"the":[48,60,108],"Matlab":[49],"Classification":[50],"Learner":[51],"App.":[52],"This":[53],"paper":[54],"proposes":[55],"comparative":[57],"study":[58],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"methods":[63],"tool":[67],"terms":[69],"training":[71,121],"times":[72],"well":[74],"their":[77],"predictive":[78],"performance.":[79],"With":[80],"purpose,":[82],"we":[83],"have":[84],"combined":[85],"three":[86],"suitable":[87],"features":[88],"detection,":[91],"which":[92],"been":[94],"applied":[95],"to":[96],"an":[97],"urban":[98],"dataset":[99],"several":[101],"labeled":[102],"3D":[103],"point":[104],"clouds.":[105],"Most":[106],"analyzed":[109],"techniques":[110],"achieve":[111],"good":[112],"results,":[114],"but":[115],"only":[116],"few":[118],"offer":[119],"low":[120],"prediction":[123],"times.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}