{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283274221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174","title":"Building robust morphing attacks for face recognition systems","display_name":"Building robust morphing attacks for face recognition systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283274221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608204","display_name":"2022 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/27590","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016753583","display_name":"Roberto Gallardo-Cava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3209-924X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Gallardo-Cava","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084255388","display_name":"David Ortega-delCampo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1611-5331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Ortega-delCampo","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027140648","display_name":"Daniel Palacios\u2010Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6063-4898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Palacios-Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081432470","display_name":"Cristina Conde","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3548-0297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Conde","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037239553","display_name":"Javier M. Moguerza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1415-1961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier M. Moguerza","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021296740","display_name":"Enrique Cabello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2361-8247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Cabello","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016753583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24386089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphing","display_name":"Morphing","score":0.9612256288528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8316092491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7551259398460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6137582063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.601256787776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5533671379089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5485315322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4560520648956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.4313369393348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-fusion","display_name":"Image fusion","score":0.41062378883361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.32598429918289185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50637493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136781","display_name":"Morphing","level":2,"score":0.9612256288528442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8316092491149902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7551259398460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6137582063674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.601256787776947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5533671379089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5485315322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4560520648956299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.4313369393348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.41062378883361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.32598429918289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco55406.2022.9797174","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608204","display_name":"2022 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 11th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/27590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/27590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eciencia.urjc.es:10115/27590","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10115/27590","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196484","display_name":"BURJC Digital (King Juan Carlos University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","host_organization_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536245433","https://openalex.org/W1976230226","https://openalex.org/W2010986468","https://openalex.org/W2069393179","https://openalex.org/W2075183129","https://openalex.org/W2138869317","https://openalex.org/W2154142492","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2715209044","https://openalex.org/W2737067721","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2777473055","https://openalex.org/W2790363406","https://openalex.org/W2898694742","https://openalex.org/W2905693758","https://openalex.org/W2940600395","https://openalex.org/W2940860112","https://openalex.org/W2945295328","https://openalex.org/W2963125461","https://openalex.org/W2963292722","https://openalex.org/W3004170979","https://openalex.org/W3025770942","https://openalex.org/W3033348698","https://openalex.org/W3037724138","https://openalex.org/W3040626233","https://openalex.org/W3091373078","https://openalex.org/W3102161834","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W3104149808","https://openalex.org/W4293583991","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W6632213196","https://openalex.org/W6680921374","https://openalex.org/W6745730051","https://openalex.org/W6747008139","https://openalex.org/W6751959524","https://openalex.org/W6756254191","https://openalex.org/W6762622100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1679315481","https://openalex.org/W3151495635","https://openalex.org/W4385170164","https://openalex.org/W4236870338","https://openalex.org/W2016917053","https://openalex.org/W1580681114","https://openalex.org/W51472912","https://openalex.org/W4362722828","https://openalex.org/W2375652671","https://openalex.org/W2985118265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,39],"this":[1,40,177,181],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,7,12,47,58,67,87,91,158,187],"method":[4,21,88],"to":[5,11,25,35,89,94,107,128,156,218],"build":[6,90,157],"robust":[8,92],"morphing":[9,33,130],"attack":[10,71,93,243],"face":[13,36,48],"verification":[14],"system":[15,50,163],"will":[16,104,231],"be":[17,105],"presented.":[18],"The":[19,70,83,132,151,222,255,276],"proposed":[20],"has":[22,193,200],"been":[23,194,201,205],"developed":[24],"investigate":[26],"the":[27,30,64,74,77,81,95,98,101,108,125,129,219,225,236,242,246,253,260,263,268,273,284],"robustness":[28],"and":[29,66,79,196,212],"impact":[31],"of":[32,42,142,176,215,224,252,259,262,283],"attacks":[34,112],"recognition":[37,49],"systems.":[38],"kind":[41],"attack,":[43],"an":[44,161],"impostor":[45,65,78],"accesses":[46,80],"(FRS)":[51],"which":[52,120,183,233],"compares":[53],"its":[54],"real-time":[55],"image":[56,103,133,217],"with":[57,63,117,166,171,207,249,267],"stored":[59],"morphed":[60,102,172,220],"image,":[61],"built":[62],"legitimate":[68,167],"user.":[69],"succeeds":[72],"when":[73],"FRS":[75,162],"accepts":[76],"system.":[82],"current":[84],"approach":[85],"offers":[86],"FRS,":[96,264],"in":[97,119,124,272],"sense":[99],"that":[100,180,241,244],"closest":[106],"decision":[109],"threshold.":[110],"Morphing":[111],"are":[113],"usually":[114,184],"evaluated":[115],"only":[116,165,185],"images":[118,192],"both":[121],"subjects":[122],"contributed":[123],"same":[126],"way":[127],"images.":[131,144,173,254],"database":[134],"considered,":[135],"FRA":[136],"V":[137],"Database,":[138],"was":[139,154,169],"made":[140],"up":[141],"200":[143],"Likewise,":[145],"two":[146,191],"stages":[147],"were":[148],"carried":[149],"out.":[150],"first":[152],"stage":[153,257],"designed":[155],"baseline":[159],"reference:":[160],"(trained":[164],"users)":[168],"tested":[170],"One":[174],"contribution":[175,214,234,269],"paper":[178],"is":[179],"test,":[182],"considers":[186],"50%":[188],"fusion":[189,198],"between":[190],"enriched":[195],"some":[197],"contributions":[199],"considered.":[202],"Tests":[203],"have":[204],"conducted":[206],"20%,":[208],"40%,":[209],"50%,":[210],"60%":[211],"80%":[213],"each":[216],"image.":[221],"comparison":[223],"equal":[226],"error":[227],"rate":[228],"(EER)":[229],"achieved":[230,279],"show":[232],"defines":[235],"best":[237,247],"plausible":[238],"attack.":[239],"Notice":[240],"achieves":[245],"rates":[248],"minimum":[250],"disturbance":[251],"second":[256],"consisted":[258],"reinforcement":[261],"training":[265],"it":[266],"set":[270],"defined":[271],"previous":[274],"stage.":[275],"outcomes":[277],"obtained":[278],"improved":[280],"by":[281],"3%":[282],"EER":[285],"scores.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
