{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2827653484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","title":"FPGA based fast integrated real-time multi coincidence counter using a time-to-digital converter","display_name":"FPGA based fast integrated real-time multi coincidence counter using a time-to-digital converter","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2827653484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","mag":"2827653484"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/154521937/Ekin_Arabul_FPGA_based_Fast_Integrated_Real_Time_Multi_Coincidence_Counter_Using_a_Time_to_Digital_Converter.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055869860","display_name":"E. Arabul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4804-3371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ekin Arabul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063684789","display_name":"John Rarity","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-5558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rarity","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027616834","display_name":"Naim Dahnoun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naim Dahnoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, GB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055869860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6516,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7100637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coincidence","display_name":"Coincidence","score":0.8688691854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7090116739273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coincidence-counting","display_name":"Coincidence counting","score":0.7079969644546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coincidence-detection-in-neurobiology","display_name":"Coincidence detection in neurobiology","score":0.7019736766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.6857540607452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5272877812385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-time","display_name":"Dead time","score":0.5234838724136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.45139265060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4127786457538605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3941073715686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33367007970809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18900001049041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15734463930130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.07834097743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07695344090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0766630470752716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308809","display_name":"Coincidence","level":3,"score":0.8688691854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7090116739273071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18480692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141581","display_name":"Coincidence counting","level":4,"score":0.7079969644546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207579572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141582","display_name":"Coincidence detection in neurobiology","level":4,"score":0.7019736766815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.6857540607452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5272877812385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159484563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628723","display_name":"Dead time","level":2,"score":0.5234838724136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.45139265060424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4127786457538605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3941073715686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33367007970809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18900001049041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15734463930130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.07834097743034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07695344090461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0766630470752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/meco.2018.8406094","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/154521937/Ekin_Arabul_FPGA_based_Fast_Integrated_Real_Time_Multi_Coincidence_Counter_Using_a_Time_to_Digital_Converter.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arabul, E, Rarity, J & Dahnoun, N 2018, FPGA based fast integrated real-time multi coincidence counter using a time-to-digital converter. in L Jozwiak, B Lutovac, D Jurisic & R Stojanovic (eds), 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 10-14 June 2018, Budva, Montenegro. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 412-415. https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO.2018.8406094","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arabul, E, Rarity, J & Dahnoun, N 2018, FPGA based fast integrated real-time multi coincidence counter using a time-to-digital converter. in L Jozwiak, B Lutovac, D Jurisic & R Stojanovic (eds), 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 10-14 June 2018, Budva, Montenegro. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 412-415. https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO.2018.8406094","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:publications/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1983/e4476d42-bca3-4f6a-b900-620b18f1aa49","pdf_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/files/154521937/Ekin_Arabul_FPGA_based_Fast_Integrated_Real_Time_Multi_Coincidence_Counter_Using_a_Time_to_Digital_Converter.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400895","display_name":"Bristol Research (University of Bristol)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","host_organization_name":"University of Bristol","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Arabul, E, Rarity, J & Dahnoun, N 2018, FPGA based fast integrated real-time multi coincidence counter using a time-to-digital converter. in L Jozwiak, B Lutovac, D Jurisic & R Stojanovic (eds), 2018 7th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing (MECO 2018) : Proceedings of a meeting held 10-14 June 2018, Budva, Montenegro. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), pp. 412-415. https://doi.org/10.1109/MECO.2018.8406094","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1921055823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R022054/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5391558926","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L024020/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8546985175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M024458/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2827653484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2827653484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W938952352","https://openalex.org/W1549055430","https://openalex.org/W2007010873","https://openalex.org/W2075119726","https://openalex.org/W2783699857","https://openalex.org/W4213418327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752344628","https://openalex.org/W2369103476","https://openalex.org/W1978187266","https://openalex.org/W2119125991","https://openalex.org/W2540019521","https://openalex.org/W2083201294","https://openalex.org/W1981159259","https://openalex.org/W2046813094","https://openalex.org/W2020749348","https://openalex.org/W2010071861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,166],"precise":[1,84],"measurement":[2,21],"of":[3,16,31,62,104,185,190,195,204,210,219],"time":[4,20,117],"is":[5,22,87,174,183],"very":[6],"important":[7,89],"in":[8,48,55,67,102,121,154],"many":[9],"engineering":[10],"and":[11,33,59,94,163,177,213],"science":[12],"applications.":[13],"In":[14,71,109],"some":[15],"the":[17,19,26,29,100,107,155,187,193,196],"applications":[18,49],"used":[23,45],"to":[24,73,90,99,144],"investigate":[25],"correlation":[27,54],"between":[28],"timing":[30],"events":[32,61,105],"coincidence":[34,75,152,168,197,205,214],"counters":[35,42],"are":[36,43],"employed":[37],"for":[38],"this":[39,110,139],"purpose.":[40],"Coincidence":[41],"commonly":[44],"as":[46,51,207,216],"instruments":[47],"such":[50],"gamma":[52],"ray":[53],"positron":[56],"emission":[57],"tomography(PET)":[58],"gating":[60],"interest":[63,103],"from":[64],"background":[65],"noise":[66],"quantum":[68],"physics":[69],"experiments.":[70],"order":[72],"implement":[74],"counters,":[76],"time-to-digital":[77,132],"converters":[78],"can":[79,172],"be":[80],"used.":[81],"While":[82],"providing":[83,160],"measurement,":[85],"it":[86],"also":[88],"maintain":[91],"real-time":[92,161],"operation":[93,162],"fast":[95],"data":[96],"processing":[97],"due":[98],"change":[101],"during":[106],"application.":[108],"research,":[111],"we":[112,135,141],"have":[113,136,142],"developed":[114],"a":[115,122,151,208,217],"real":[116],"multi-coincidence":[118],"counting":[119],"scheme":[120],"Field":[123],"Programming":[124],"Gate":[125],"Array":[126],"(FPGA)":[127],"based":[128],"on":[129],"our":[130,170,181],"8-channel":[131],"converter(TDC)":[133],"which":[134],"published.":[137],"With":[138],"method":[140],"managed":[143],"combine":[145],"an":[146],"8":[147],"channel":[148],"TDC":[149],"with":[150],"counter":[153,198],"same":[156],"FPGA":[157],"chip":[158],"while":[159],"high":[164],"precision.":[165],"smallest":[167],"window,":[169],"system":[171,182],"provide":[173],"15":[175],"ps":[176,180],"at":[178],"150":[179],"capable":[184],"detecting":[186],"maximum":[188],"number":[189],"coincidences.":[191],"Also,":[192],"functionality":[194],"has":[199],"been":[200],"proved":[201],"by":[202],"tests":[203],"rate":[206,215],"function":[209,218],"window":[211],"size":[212],"delay.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}