{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982400169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","title":"Lessons learned from hacking a car","display_name":"Lessons learned from hacking a car","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982400169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","mag":"2982400169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176427","display_name":"IEEE Design and Test","issn_l":"2168-2356","issn":["2168-2356","2168-2364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Design & Test","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039453858","display_name":"Charlie Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3216-8591"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Charlie Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cruise Automation, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3216-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cruise Automation, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039453858"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5424,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90044352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"6","first_page":"7","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.965399980545044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/miller","display_name":"Miller","score":0.7770206928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.6632592678070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6367899179458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hindsight-bias","display_name":"Hindsight bias","score":0.5913572907447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5786116123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.45194271206855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.450503408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.4349956512451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cherokee","display_name":"Cherokee","score":0.42897146940231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3843516707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3650069832801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3327595889568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.31629419326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.28344815969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.17336732149124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.0937095582485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.08281487226486206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777496998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536587","display_name":"Miller","level":2,"score":0.7770206928253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.6632592678070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6367899179458618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10347200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960297","display_name":"Hindsight bias","level":2,"score":0.5913572907447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5786116123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.45194271206855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.450503408908844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.4349956512451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33388","display_name":"Cherokee","level":2,"score":0.42897146940231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3843516707420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3650069832801819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3327595889568329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31629419326782227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.28344815969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.17336732149124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0937095582485199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08281487226486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mdat.2018.2863106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176427","display_name":"IEEE Design and Test","issn_l":"2168-2356","issn":["2168-2356","2168-2364"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Design & Test","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87635799","https://openalex.org/W2116520617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W124102009","https://openalex.org/W2066568583","https://openalex.org/W4235504155","https://openalex.org/W4309142506","https://openalex.org/W3111876414","https://openalex.org/W363396470","https://openalex.org/W4309142463","https://openalex.org/W4309142500","https://openalex.org/W4251397840","https://openalex.org/W3197854638"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Editor's":[0],"note:":[1],"In":[2,50],"2015,":[3],"Miller":[4,60],"and":[5,48],"Valasek":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"one":[8],"of":[9,42,56,72],"the":[10,39,43,54,63],"most":[11],"celebrated":[12],"hacks":[13],"on":[14,62],"automotive":[15],"systems,":[16],"when":[17],"they":[18],"managed":[19],"to":[20,30,37],"remotely":[21],"compromise":[22],"a":[23,32],"2014":[24],"Jeep":[25],"Cherokee.":[26],"They":[27],"showed":[28],"how":[29],"exploit":[31],"vulnerability":[33],"in":[34],"head":[35],"unit":[36],"control":[38],"physical":[40],"aspects":[41],"driving":[44],"subsystem,":[45],"including":[46],"steering":[47],"braking.":[49],"this":[51,67],"article,":[52],"with":[53],"hindsight":[55],"over":[57],"three":[58],"years,":[59],"reflects":[61],"lessons":[64],"learned":[65],"from":[66],"experience.":[68],"-Sandip":[69],"Roy,":[70],"University":[71],"Florida":[73]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}