{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117260485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733","title":"Retrospective on the Lax Report: Then and Now","display_name":"Retrospective on the Lax Report: Then and Now","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117260485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107923245","display_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","issn_l":"1521-9615","issn":["1521-9615","1558-366X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107447336","display_name":"E. Deelman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801204180","display_name":"Marina Del Rey Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05wqyfz02","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801204180"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ewa Deelman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-503X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801204180","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121246506","display_name":"Jack Dongarra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Dongarra","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-1782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111425643","display_name":"Bruce Hendrickson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Hendrickson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3634-6660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056497188","display_name":"Amanda Randles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amanda Randles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6318-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008222900","display_name":"Daniel A. Reed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-1473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223532165","display_name":"University of Utah","ror":"https://ror.org/03r0ha626","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-1473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223532165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103828903","display_name":"Edward Seidel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5542-0529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121293316","display_name":"Katherine Yelick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine Yelick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0957-701X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80523994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"49","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.3066999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.3066999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.05559999868273735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blueprint","display_name":"Blueprint","score":0.853600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce","display_name":"Workforce","score":0.7508999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workforce-development","display_name":"Workforce development","score":0.38989999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.853600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7508999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5778999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.4875999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4636000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4302999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779968149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034851","display_name":"Workforce development","level":3,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.37709999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.3587999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.33309999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155663085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Workforce planning","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2025.3647733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107923245","display_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","issn_l":"1521-9615","issn":["1521-9615","1558-366X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7004460692405701,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1],"four":[2,26],"decades":[3],"after":[4],"its":[5,32],"release,":[6],"the":[7,24,36,47,91],"1982":[8],"Lax":[9],"Report":[10],"remains":[11],"a":[12],"landmark":[13],"blueprint":[14],"for":[15,101],"U.S.":[16],"high-performance":[17],"computing":[18],"(HPC)":[19],"policy.":[20],"This":[21,69],"retrospective":[22],"revisits":[23],"report\u2019s":[25],"principal":[27],"recommendations,":[28],"evaluating":[29],"each":[30],"on":[31],"current":[33],"fulfillment.":[34],"While":[35],"HPC":[37],"ecosystem":[38],"has":[39],"matured":[40],"through":[41],"network":[42],"advances,":[43],"broader":[44],"access,":[45],"and":[46,51,61,82,110],"integration":[48],"of":[49,93],"AI":[50],"distributed":[52],"computing,":[53],"gaps":[54],"in":[55,105],"workforce":[56,108],"development,":[57],"scientific":[58,95],"software":[59],"sustainability,":[60],"architectural":[62],"innovation":[63],"tailored":[64],"to":[65,77],"science":[66],"needs":[67,92],"remain.":[68],"article":[70],"traces":[71],"HPC\u2019s":[72],"evolution":[73],"from":[74,90],"centralized":[75],"supercomputers":[76],"today\u2019s":[78],"cloud-augmented,":[79],"AI-converged":[80],"landscape":[81],"highlights":[83],"how":[84],"market-driven":[85],"hardware":[86],"design":[87],"increasingly":[88],"diverges":[89],"rigorous":[94],"computing.":[96],"The":[97],"paper":[98],"also":[99],"calls":[100],"sustained":[102],"public":[103],"investment":[104],"hardware-software":[106],"co-design,":[107],"pipelines,":[109],"open,":[111],"science-centered":[112],"infrastructure.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-09T05:49:46.723101","created_date":"2025-12-25T00:00:00"}