{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157816865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","title":"Towards Improving the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Coarse-Grained Atomistic Modeling of Processing Dependent Morphologies","display_name":"Towards Improving the Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells by Coarse-Grained Atomistic Modeling of Processing Dependent Morphologies","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157816865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","mag":"3157816865"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107923245","display_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","issn_l":"1521-9615","issn":["1521-9615","1558-366X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072134023","display_name":"Ganesh Balasubramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1834-5501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186143895","display_name":"Lehigh University","ror":"https://ror.org/012afjb06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ganesh Balasubramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067128708","display_name":"Joydeep Munshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5016-882X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joydeep Munshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100344439","display_name":"Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-7124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011950631","display_name":"TeYu Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-6650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TeYu Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072134023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186143895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.547185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"48","last_page":"55"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10045","display_name":"Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10321","display_name":"Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-solar-cell","display_name":"Organic solar cell","score":0.8678942918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7491153478622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-conversion-efficiency","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","score":0.5882337093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annealing","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","score":0.5211848616600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"Photovoltaics","score":0.5071823596954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer-solar-cell","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","score":0.5031735301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.47211992740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-semiconductor","display_name":"Organic semiconductor","score":0.46462661027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell-efficiency","display_name":"Solar cell efficiency","score":0.4643993675708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell","display_name":"Solar cell","score":0.43625307083129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-physics","display_name":"Chemical physics","score":0.43606919050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.3522496819496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.27142971754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.21681901812553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.134919673204422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.13274601101875305}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91614233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Organic solar cell","level":3,"score":0.8678942918777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7491153478622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206991015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192704","display_name":"Energy conversion efficiency","level":2,"score":0.5882337093353271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.5211848616600037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.5071823596954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66187686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472888","display_name":"Polymer solar cell","level":3,"score":0.5031735301017761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.47211992740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94003879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933714","display_name":"Organic semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.46462661027908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190168584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556087","display_name":"Solar cell efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4643993675708771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.43625307083129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.43606919050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.3522496819496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27142971754074097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.21681901812553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.134919673204422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13274601101875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2021.3072626","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107923245","display_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","issn_l":"1521-9615","issn":["1521-9615","1558-366X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320061","host_organization_name":"AIP Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320061","https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AIP Publishing","American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing in Science & Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7754836606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-1662435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8671457055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1753770","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8977766928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1662509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016088184","https://openalex.org/W2265577974","https://openalex.org/W2883958595","https://openalex.org/W2889081088","https://openalex.org/W2955311878","https://openalex.org/W2994111815","https://openalex.org/W2999345875","https://openalex.org/W3036185742","https://openalex.org/W4238537610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885173782","https://openalex.org/W2885832455","https://openalex.org/W2338559006","https://openalex.org/W2963691714","https://openalex.org/W2897559261","https://openalex.org/W2016562676","https://openalex.org/W3143266400","https://openalex.org/W2014318952","https://openalex.org/W2006348613","https://openalex.org/W4379142938"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"energy":[1],"conversion":[2],"to":[3,14,44,89,96,110,134],"electricity":[4],"using":[5],"organic":[6,32,49,68,234],"semiconductor":[7],"materials":[8],"is":[9,51],"a":[10,52,153],"complex":[11],"process":[12],"due":[13,43],"the":[15,26,36,40,63,91,94,106,123,163,168,172,182,186,191,197,214,219,225,231],"underlying":[16],"transport":[17],"physics":[18],"of":[19,25,29,39,48,67,74,93,105,117,141,152,155,165,171,199,209,233],"electrons":[20],"and":[21,77,109,115,138,157,167,180,190,202,213,229],"photons.":[22],"Experimental":[23],"characterizations":[24],"3-D":[27],"morphology":[28,42,92,174],"bulk":[30,143],"heterojunction":[31,144],"photovoltaics":[33],"are":[34,87,132,218],"challenging;":[35],"poor":[37],"contrast":[38],"reconstructed":[41],"weak":[45],"electronic":[46],"scattering":[47],"molecules":[50],"major":[53,220],"impediment":[54],"for":[55],"microstructural":[56],"imaging":[57],"by":[58],"electron":[59],"microscopy.":[60],"Thus,":[61],"enhancing":[62],"power-conversion":[64],"efficiency":[65],"(PCE)":[66],"solar":[69,145],"cells":[70],"requires":[71],"predictive":[72],"design":[73,118,188],"both":[75],"material":[76],"processing":[78,178],"parameters.":[79,119],"To":[80],"this":[81],"end,":[82],"large-scale":[83],"coarse-grained":[84,127],"molecular":[85,128,206],"simulations":[86,130,194],"needed":[88],"probe":[90],"nanostructures,":[95],"develop":[97],"process-structure-performance":[98],"correlations":[99],"that":[100,131,196,222],"assist":[101],"in":[102,113],"fundamental":[103],"understanding":[104],"physical":[107],"mechanisms,":[108],"simultaneously":[111],"aid":[112],"selection":[114],"optimization":[116],"Here,":[120],"we":[121],"summarize":[122],"outcomes":[124],"from":[125],"high-performance":[126],"dynamics":[129],"employed":[133],"mimic":[135],"solvent":[136],"evaporation":[137],"thermal":[139,215],"annealing":[140,216],"typical":[142],"cell":[146],"active":[147],"layers.":[148],"The":[149,193],"latter":[150],"consist":[151],"blend":[154,173],"electron-donor":[156],"electron-acceptor":[158],"materials.":[159],"We":[160],"extensively":[161],"explore":[162],"dependence":[164],"PCE":[166,232],"thermo-mechanical":[169,227],"stability":[170],"on":[175],"different":[176],"solution":[177],"conditions,":[179],"correlate":[181],"identified":[183],"parameters":[184,221],"with":[185],"dominant":[187],"variables":[189],"microstructure.":[192],"reveal":[195],"composition":[198],"constituent":[200],"donor":[201,210],"acceptor":[203],"materials,":[204],"respective":[205],"weights,":[207],"polydispersity":[208],"polymer":[211],"chains,":[212],"temperature":[217],"significantly":[223],"impact":[224],"morphology,":[226],"stability,":[228],"subsequently":[230],"photovoltaics.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}